Category Archives: WONS

Provisional vs. True Teaching

Śākyamuni Buddha is our parent and all the holy teachings taught by Him in His lifetime is the teaching taught by our parents in order to lead us. There are numerous sūtras of His lifetime teachings in the realm of heaven, in the Palace of the Dragon King, and in India. But only 5,000 or 7,000 fascicles of them have been transmitted to China and Japan. It is difficult for us to say on our own which of these numerous sūtras was expounded first or last and which is superior or inferior. Because no person of wisdom in the Latter Age of Degeneration amounts to the commentators, grand masters or noble priests of earlier times, it is wise to follow the judgments of the great predecessors. There are many of them such as the Five Teachings and the Four Teachings of the Kegon (Hua-yen) School, the Three Periods, the Two Storehouses and the Three Preachings by Śākyamuni Buddha established by the Hossō ( Fa-hsiang) and Sanron (San-lun) Schools. However, Śākyamuni Buddha already showed the order and comparative superiority of each of His holy teachings. That is, he states in chapter 2 “Expedients” of the Lotus Sūtra, “The World-Honored One will expound the true teaching after a long period of expounding expedient teachings.” According to this statement, the teachings of the Buddha can be roughly divided into provisional sūtras preached before the Lotus Sūtra and the True Teaching of the Lotus Sūtra. This is like the Joei Code which stipulates that when parents revoke an earlier decision to bestow their property to their children the later verdict takes precedence over the earlier. Or rather, I wonder if the way of the ordinance may be taken from the teachings by the Buddha. Whether we are pious or impious to our parent, Śākyamuni Buddha, depends on whether we believe in the provisional pre-Lotus sūtras, which is the earlier verdict, or the True Dharma, the Lotus Sūtra, which is the later verdict.

Hōmon Mōsaru-beki-yō no Koto, The Way to Refute the Evil Teaching, Writings of Nichiren Shōnin, Biography and Desciples, Volume 5, Page 141

The Merit Of The 50th Person Rejoicing At Hearing The Lotus Sūtra

The Pure Land Buddhists today … [say] it is impossible to practice the Lotus Sūtra unless one possesses a high capacity to understand and it bewilders the evil ordinary people in the Latter Age of Degeneration. Are they not contradicting themselves? Grand Master Miao-lê in his Annotations to the Words and Phrases of the Lotus Sūtra asserts, “Most people make mistakes, without knowing how great the merits of the inexperienced practicers can be. They imagine that only the experienced practicers can have merits and slander the inexperienced. Therefore, in the ‘Merits of Rejoicing at Hearing This Sūtra’ chapter it is shown that the merits of the inexperienced practicer can be great and how great the merits of the Lotus Sūtra are.” This passage means that the merit of the 50th person rejoicing at hearing the Lotus Sūtra transmitted one after another was preached to show that the merit of an ignorant person with little capacity in the Latter Age rejoicing even for a moment at hearing the sūtra preached is superior to the merit of sages who practice the pre-Lotus sūtras preached during the 40 or so years before the Lotus Sūtra. This is preached so that the Lotus Sūtra is not mistaken as the teaching attained by only persons of superior capacity and devotion.

Therefore, Grand Master T’ien-t’ai in his Words and Phrases of the Lotus Sūtra compares the 50th person rejoicing at hearing the Lotus Sūtra transmitted one after another, the lowest rank in the practice of the Lotus Sūtra, against the practicers of non-Buddhist teachings, Hinayana Buddhism, and provisional Mahayana Buddhism. He states that the merits of the lowest rank in the practice of the Lotus Sūtra are superior to those of any other practice.

Shō Hokke Daimoku-shō, Treastise on Chanting the Daimoku of the Lotus Sūtra, Writings of Nichiren Shōnin, Faith and Practice, Volume 4, Page 7-8

Theoretical Study Of Buddhist Teaching

The doctrine of the Tendai School clearly shows the true intent of various Buddhas through its theoretical study of Buddhist teaching. Therefore it is stated by Grand Master Dengyō in his Outstanding Principles of the Lotus Sūtra, “The Lotus Sūtra appears to be admired but in fact the heart of the sūtra is being destroyed.” Grand Master T’ien-t’ai, furthermore, explains this in his Profound Meaning of the Lotus Sūtra, “In spreading various sūtras other than the Lotus Sūtra, it does not matter in their doctrines whether the theoretical study is clarified or not. To spread the Lotus Sūtra, however, it will be difficult to understand its scriptural statements and to discuss the doctrine unless the theoretical study is clearly explained.” This shows that the doctrine of the Tendai School is based especially on theoretical study.

Shoshū Mondō-shō, Questions and Answers Regarding Other Schools, Writings of Nichiren Shōnin, Doctrine 3, Page 177

Merits Of The Practicer Of The Lotus Sūtra

Therefore, a practicer of the Lotus Sūtra who believes in the Lotus Sūtra and recites the daimoku has all the merit of the Buddha of Infinite Life and all other Buddhas throughout the universe without saying the nembutsu even once in his lifetime. It is like a wish-fulfilling gem equipped with all the treasures such as gold and silver.

Jisshō-shō, A Treatise on the Ten Chapters of the Great Concentration and Insight, Writings of Nichiren Shōnin, Doctrine 2, Page 6

Day 7

Day 7 concludes Chapter 3, A Parable, and begins Chapter 4, Understanding by Faith.

Having last month considered the purpose of the Buddha’s appearance in the world, we consider why the Buddha expounds only to people of profound wisdom this Sūtra of the Lotus Flower of the Wonderful Dharma.

I expound only to people of profound wisdom
This Sūtra of the Lotus Flower of the Wonderful Dharma
Because men of little wisdom would doubt this sūtra,
And not understand it even if they heard it.
No Śrāvaka
Or Pratyekabuddha
Can understand
This sūtra.

Even you, Śāriputra,
Have understood this sūtra
Only by faith.
Needless to say,
The other Śrāvakas cannot do otherwise.
They will be able to follow this sūtra
Only because they believe my words,
Not because they have wisdom.

Śāriputra
Do not expound this sūtra
To those who are arrogant and idle,
And who think that the self exists!

Do not expound it to men of little wisdom!
They would not be able to understand it
Even if they heard it
Because they are deeply attached to the five desires.

Those who do not believe this sūtra
But slander it,
Will destroy the seeds of Buddhahood
Of all living beings of the world.

Nichiren writes in Kyō Ki Ji Koku Shō, Treatise on the Teaching, Capacity, Time and Country, concerning whether to expound to this sūtra to ignorant people:

QUESTION: How should we comprehend the statement in the chapter 3, “A Parable,” of the Lotus Sūtra, “You should not expound this sūtra to ignorant people”?

ANSWER: This applies to wise masters, who are able to discern the capacity of people, not to ordinary masters in the Latter Age of Degeneration.

We should also solely expound the Lotus Sūtra to those who slander the Dharma. This would establish the connection of a poisonous drum between the unfaithful people and the Lotus Sūtra as it is said that the sound of a drum smeared with poison kills a man who hears them. It is like the practice of Never-Despising Bodhisattva preached in the “Never-Despising Bodhisattva” chapter of the Lotus Sūtra.

If a person has the capacity of a wise man, though, we should teach him the Hinayāna sūtras first of all, then the provisional Mahayana sūtras, and finally the true Mahāyāna sūtra, the Lotus Sūtra. If a man is deemed ignorant, however, we should teach him the true Mahāyāna sūtra from the start, as it can plant the seed of Buddhahood in both believers and slanderers.

Kyō Ki Ji Koku Shō, Treatise on the Teaching, Capacity, Time and Country, Writings of Nichiren Shōnin, Doctrine 3, Page 97-98

The Order Of Teaching

Āgama (Hinayana) sūtras were preached following the Flower Garland Sūtra. … Regarding what sūtras were preached after the Flower Garland Sūtra, the “Introductory” chapter of the Lotus Sūtra states, “To those who suffer, hating old age, sickness and death, the Buddha preaches the teaching of Nirvana, showing ignorant people the way to tranquility and extinction of worldly passions.” In the “Expedients” chapter of the same sūtra, it states, “The Buddha went to the Deer Park in Bārāṇasī Kingdom . . . and preached the dharma to five monks.” It is also stated in the Nirvana Sūtra, “The Buddha preached on the Middle Way in the Deer Park of the Bārāṇasī Kingdom. ” This indicates what sūtras were preached after the Flower Garland Sūtra. According to these scriptural statements, it seems clear that it was the Āgama sūtras for śrāvaka disciples which were expounded after the Flower Garland Sūtra for great bodhisattvas.

Shugo Kokka-ron, Treatise on Protecting the Nation, Writings of Nichiren Shōnin, Doctrine 1, Page 7-8

Five Hinderances and Three Bonds

You were born on a small island in Japan, far from India, the native land of Śākyamuni Buddha; and you were born a female bound by the “five hinderances”* and “three bonds.”** Nevertheless you firmly put faith in the Lotus Sūtra, which is hard to uphold. It is indeed great, beyond expression.

* Five hinderances: women are thought unable to become the Brahma Heavenly King, Indra, king of devils, Wheel-turning Noble King, and Buddha.

** Three bonds: women are supposed to obey the father at home, the husband when married, and the children when widowed.

Gassui Gasho, A Letter on Menstruation, Nyonin Gosho, Letters Addressed to Female Followers, Page 26

There Once Lived A Man Named Gyōbō Bonji

There once lived a man named Gyōbō Bonji. He visited numerous countries over the course of 12 years seeking the Buddha’s dharma. However, as the Buddha had not yet appeared in this world, neither His teaching nor any priest spreading the dharma was to be found. Nevertheless, Bonji sought the teaching of the Buddha just as a thirsty man seeks water or a hungry man searches for food.

One day he met a Brahman who told him, “I know a verse of a sacred teaching. If you are really eager to seek the Buddha’s teaching, I will teach it to you.” Bonji replied, “Yes, please.” The Brahman then said, “If you are so anxious to learn it, first peel off your own skin to make a sheet of paper, sharpen your own bone to use as a pen, grind your own marrow to use as ink and draw your own blood to use as water to write it down, then I will teach it to you.” Bonji was glad for the opportunity to hear the dharma and did what he was told to do. The Brahman, however, suddenly disappeared. Looking up at the sky then lying face down on the ground, Bonji bewailed his fate.

The Buddha pitied this man and emerged from underground to preach this verse: “Practice the right dharma, not the wicked dharma. By doing so one will live peacefully both in this life and the life to come.” Bonji attained Buddhahood immediately after hearing this. The words of the Buddha that led Bonji to attain Buddhahood consisted of merely 20 Chinese characters.

Nichimyō Shōnin Gosho, A Letter to Nichimyō Shōnin, Writings of Nichiren Shōnin, Followers II, Volume 7, Page 136-137

Lightening Karmic Retribution

The Nirvana Sūtra preaches a doctrine called “lightening the karmic retribution.” It proclaims that when a retribution accumulated from the evil karma in one’s previous lives is too heavy to be atoned for in this life, one will have to endure the suffering in hell in the future. One may, however, bear hell’s suffering in the present life instead so that one’s suffering in hell in a future life disappears instantly and one will instead be able to receive the blessings of the realm of humanity and that of heavenly beings, as well as the blessings of the Three Vehicles and attain Buddhahood after death. It was not without reason that Never Despising Bodhisattva was spoken ill of, slandered, beaten with sticks and pieces of wood, or had rubble thrown at him. His persecution in this life seems to be the consequences of his slandering the True Dharma in his previous lives. Therefore it is stated in the sūtra, “His sins have been atoned.” I believe it means that Never Despising Bodhisattva’s past sin ceased to exist through his persecution.

Tenjū Kyōju Hōmon, Lightening the Karmic Retribution, Writings of Nichiren Shōnin, Followers I, Volume 6, Page 29

Śākyamuni Buddha Is The Very Father Of All Of Us

As for what should be done to refute the Pure Land teaching, before criticizing what Hōnen says in his Collection of Passages on the Nembutsu and the Original Vows, one should affirm first of all that Śākyamuni Buddha is the very father of all of us by revealing the scriptural statement, “This triple world is My property, where all living beings are My children” in the “Parable” chapter in the second fascicle of the Lotus Sūtra. Which Buddha other than Śākyamuni can also be our parent? More than 3,000 fascicles of Confucianism and Taoism teach loyalty and filial piety in the long run. They also teach that loyalty starts with filial piety. Therefore, Confucianism and Taoism are the first gates to enter Buddhism, the teaching of which is also based on filial piety. In short, though there is a difference in status, those who show piety to their parents are the most honorable in Buddhism as well as non-Buddhist teachings regardless of status.

Hōmon Mōsaru-beki-yō no Koto, The Way to Refute the Evil Teaching, Writings of Nichiren Shōnin, Biography and Desciples, Volume 5, Page 140-141