Vasubandhu's Commentary on the Lotus Sutra, p 124-125Just as it says in the Lotus Sutra:
O Śāriputra! Since I became a buddha I have broadly expounded the teachings. Through innumerable expedient means I have attracted living beings and caused them to attain emancipation from all attachments.
Furthermore, as for “innumerable expedient means,” [the tathāgatas use them] to cause [living beings] to enter beneficial teachings. They also use expedient means to cut off all doubts and to cause [living beings] to enter the highest knowledge. Furthermore, [they use] expedient means, based on the four methods of conversion, to influence living beings and to cause them to attain emancipation. “All attachments” means the attachment to objects – that is, the attachment to the spheres, stages, positions, or vehicles. “Attachment to the realms” means [being attached to] the realms of desire, form, or formlessness. “Attachment to the stages” means being attached to [the stages of contemplation in] the [three] realms. According to the meditative trance, it means taking up the stages of contemplation, namely, the stage of the first contemplation to the stage of [the contemplation called] “neither perception nor nonperception” and the stage of the contemplation [called] the “cessation [of consciousness and feeling].” “Attachment to positions” means being attached to the position of either a lay Buddhist or a renunciant. “Attachment to the position of a lay Buddhist” means being attached to one’s relatives and producing various actions, false views, and so on. “Attachment to the position of a renunciant” means being attached to fame, gain, enlightenment, and various defilements, and so on. “Attachment to the vehicles” means being attached to either the vehicle of the disciples or the bodhisattva vehicle. “Attachment to the vehicle of the disciples” means to take delight in upholding the precepts of the Small Vehicle and seek [to become] a stream-winner (srota-āpanna), once-returner (sakṛdāgāmin), never-returner (anāgāmin), or arhat. “Attachment to the Great Vehicle” means being attached to gain, honor, veneration, and so on, and also to be attached to distinctions, the marks of various things (dharmas), and the stage of buddhahood.