In the [Parable Of The Skillful Physician And His Sick Children], the physician-father of course represents the Buddha, and his supposed death is like the Buddha’s entry into nirvana. In reality, in the view of the Lotus Sutra, the universal Buddha, the loving father of the world who is working to save all from suffering, has not and will not pass away. He pretends to pass away only in order to get people to be more responsible for their own lives. This is a good example of how the sutra takes what is a basically negative notion, nirvana, and turns it into a world-affirmative one.
A Buddhist Kaleidoscope; Gene Reeves, The Lotus Sutra as Radically World-affirming, Page 183
Quotes
The Integrative Lotus Sutra
The idea in the story of the jeweled Stupa that Śākyamuni Buddha creates a unified world out of many worlds is especially significant. The Lotus Sutra is an integrative sutra. Throughout, it emphasizes unity, oneness, integration, some kind of coming together. As the truth is ultimately one, i.e., without internal contradiction, so too the teachings of the Buddha who discovered the truth must be one. That is, finally there can be only one Buddha-way. But in the Lotus Sutra, the one does not destroy or denigrate the many. Though integrated, though the many become as one, they remain many. The cosmos only exists by virtue of the fact that it has worlds. Similarly, in the Lotus Sutra, the teaching, the Buddha Dharma, only exists by virtue of the many teachings. Neither right views nor right living can be a matter of replacing the many by the one.
That the one who creates a single world out of many worlds is Śākyamuni Buddha is related to his being, as said earlier, both one and distributed throughout the cosmos. In other words, Śākyamuni Buddha can unify Buddhism and the cosmos, and therefore the life of the true hearer precisely because he himself is both one and many.
A Buddhist Kaleidoscope; Gene Reeves, The Lotus Sutra as Radically World-affirming, Page 182
The Importance of This World and of Life in This World
Śākyamuni Buddha is, of course, the buddha of the sahā world. Thus, by elevating the status of Śākyamuni Buddha to cosmic superiority over all others, the importance of this world is also stressed. Here we can see one of the main themes of the Lotus Sutra, evident in virtually all of its teachings — the importance of this world and of life in this world. In this story it is to the sahā world that the Stupa of Many Treasures Buddha comes and it is the sahā world that is purified to receive all of the buddhas from other lands. The worlds of the other buddhas are described as wonderful in every way, but the buddhas leave those marvelous worlds in order to come to the sahā world and pay respects to its buddha.
In a sense, we may think that, since it is in it that the cosmic significance of Śākyamuni Buddha is revealed, praise for the sutra is always also praise for Śākyamuni Buddha. At the same time, because this is his world, praise for Śākyamuni Buddha is always also praise for this world.
The jeweled Stupa in which the two buddhas sit is a kind of tower and the character has that meaning in Chinese. The image of such a tower, surrounded by the buddhas and bodhisattvas from all over the universe, is clearly an axis mundi image. Such images always, I suppose, give importance and power to the place where the axis is located, in this case to this world and its buddha.
A Buddhist Kaleidoscope; Gene Reeves, The Lotus Sutra as Radically World-affirming, Page 181-182
Subordinating Everything to the Lotus Sutra Dharma
[The arrival of the Stupa of Treasures] is a marvelous story, full of special imagery, cosmological in scope. But clearly such imagery is not so much for the purpose of explaining the nature of the cosmos as it is for extolling, first the Lotus Sutra, second Śākyamuni Buddha, and thirdly this sahā world.
Extolling the Lotus Sutra is both explicit in the chapter and implicit in the story. Many Treasures and the buddhas of the ten directions all come to the sahā world at least in part to hear the Lotus Sutra preached. In this way the Stupa is subordinated to the preaching of the Dharma. I take this to mean that the construction and worship of stupas and the remains of the Buddha are not rejected but are relativized, made subordinate to the Dharma and in particular to the Dharma expressed in the Lotus Sutra.
A Buddhist Kaleidoscope; Gene Reeves, The Lotus Sutra as Radically World-affirming, Page 181
The Ten Worlds: Privately Awakened Ones
Of the Four Higher Worlds – voice hearers, privately awakened ones, bodhisattvas, and buddhas – the world of privately awakened ones is the world viewed from the perspective of Dependent Origination. Those who abide in this state of mind are able to realize the impermanence, suffering, and selflessness of the world for themselves through their own observations.
Lotus SeedsTeaching Devices
The arrival of Many Treasures Buddha in his Stupa and the image of him and Śākyamuni Buddha sitting side by side are very significant… . The sutra emphasizes the fact that the whole body of Many Treasures Buddha, not just his remains, is present in the Stupa and that his voice emerges from it. But Many Treasures Buddha, we are told, had long ago passed into final nirvana. In this way the whole meaning of nirvana is called into question. And the sitting of the two buddhas side by side violates the assumption that there can only be one buddha in this world at a time. This is one of the ways in which the Lotus Sutra teaches that stories of entering nirvana are teaching devices to get people to be more responsible for their own lives, a theme which is developed most explicitly in the story in chapter 7 of the guide who conjures up a city as a temporary resting place for some travelers who want to quit the journey.
A Buddhist Kaleidoscope; Gene Reeves, The Lotus Sutra as Radically World-affirming, Page 181
The Cosmic Significance and Superiority of Śākyamuni Buddha
Śākyamuni Buddha is praised for preaching the Lotus Sutra. Not only all of the creatures of this world and the gods in the heavens of this world, but even all of the buddhas of all of the countless other worlds in every direction also praise and subordinate themselves to Śākyamuni Buddha. Especially by designating the buddhas of the ten directions as his representatives, he is given central importance in the entire cosmos.
The Chinese term here rendered as “representatives,” but which might literally be rendered as “body parts,” has been interpreted and translated in various ways. It may be a reflection of the belief that one of a buddha’s supernatural powers is the ability to replicate himself. Exactly what is meant in the Lotus Sutra by the term is not clear. But one thing is very clear — all of these various buddhas, throughout the many, many worlds, are subordinate to Śākyamuni Buddha. Just how they are subordinate is not explained, no doubt because it is not important. What is important, given the priorities of the sutra, is the cosmic significance and superiority of Śākyamuni Buddha. Yet, at the same time, the reality or importance of those other buddhas is in no way denied.
A Buddhist Kaleidoscope; Gene Reeves, The Lotus Sutra as Radically World-affirming, Page 181
Transferring Merits
Without removing the karmic effects of past actions, a malefactor can find whole or partial salvation through repentance, for the merits that one person acquires through good deeds can be transferred (as in the case of the merits a Bodhisattva transfers to others) and used to atone for others’ transgressions.
Basic Buddhist Concepts
The Salvation of the Entire World
There are, obviously, many ways to read a sutra, perhaps especially [the Lotus] sutra! I take it to be primarily a religious text, that is, a text whose primary aim is soteriological. Whatever polemical purposes it may have served in some now unknown part of India in some now unknown community of Buddhists, the text addresses itself to readers, and to the salvation of readers, in any time and place. Looking at the text in this way will not produce a uniformity of results, but can lead to a certain kind of vision of this text as primarily an ethical text, ethical not in the sense of offering a theory of morals, or in the sense of offering a set of commandments, but ethical in the sense of recommending a certain way of life, a way of life guided by a single overarching purpose.
That unifying purpose is nothing less than the salvation, the happiness, of the entire world, a purpose rooted symbolically in the Buddha’s and bodhisattvas’ vow to save all the living.
To that end, the sutra utilizes several closely related themes, especially upāya or appropriate means, the One Vehicle, buddha-nature, eternal Śākyamuni Buddha, and bodhisattva practice, all of which, in one way or another, affirm the importance of this world and the life in it of the reader.
A Buddhist Kaleidoscope; Gene Reeves, The Lotus Sutra as Radically World-affirming, Page 178
The Five Characters of Myo-Ho-Ren-Ge-Kyo
The five characters of Myo-Ho-Ren-Ge-Kyo possess the entirety of the Buddha’s great compassion, the power to save people, the wisdom of Buddhahood, and the Buddha’s virtues. Nichiren Shōnin said, “The virtue of the Odaimoku should be equal to the virtue of Śākyamuni Buddha” (Matsuno-dono Gohenji). Thus, Śākyamuni Buddha is the Eternal Buddha.
“For those who are incapable of understanding the truth of the ‘3,000 existences contained in one thought,’ Lord Śākyamuni Buddha, with his great compassion, wraps this jewel with the five characters of myo, ho, ren, ge, and kyo and hangs it around the neck of the ignorant in the Latter Age of Degeneration.”
(Kanjin Honzon-shō, WNS2, p. 164).