With regard to the Three Tracks in the Perfect Teaching, Chih-i stresses that they all complement each other, and that the three are integrated in forming a single Buddha-vehicle. This means that the Track of Real Nature denotes constant abiding of the Buddha-nature as the Fundamental Cause of Buddhahood. Based on this true reality—real nature there arouses the Track of the Illumination of Wisdom, which is both quiescent and luminous, and which conveys the Supreme Truth of Emptiness. Chih-i points out that after the bodhisattva of the Perfect Teaching attained Buddhahood, the state the Buddha abides in is not completely still and extinctive but contains the function of saving beings that rises spontaneously without any intentional action. This means that the Buddha abides at quiescence while constantly illuminating. This illumination refers to the spontaneous action of leading sentient beings to achieve universal salvation, which is the ultimate goal of the bodhisattva pursuing the attainment of Buddhahood. Self-liberation does not render the end of function, but only means that the Buddha’s action of saving beings is highly natural, skillful and expedient according to causes and conditions. The Track of Accomplishment concerns the tathāgatagarbha that contains all practices and immeasurable dharma-doors in the Dharma realm. (Vol. 2, Page 245-246)