The Trace and the Original Buddhas

The Buddha of the Lotus Sūtra appears in that text in two forms. First he is presented simply as the historical Buddha, Śākyamuni, who attained enlightenment at the age of thirty under the Bodhi tree. But the eleventh chapter suggests that he is more than this: all Buddhas in the worlds of the ten directions are shown to be his emanations. This foreshadows the dramatic revelation of the sixteenth chapter, called “Fathoming the Lifespan of the Tathāgata” (Nyorai juryō-hon), in which Śākyamuni declares that countless myriads of kalpas have passed since he attained Buddhahood, and that ever since then, he has been constantly in this world, preaching the Dharma in various guises and by various skillful means. Chih-i had divided the sūtra into two parts of fourteen chapters each, according to these two presentations of the Buddha. The first fourteen chapters, called the “trace teaching” (shakumon), present the Buddha as a “manifest trace” (suijaku) or historical appearance, while the latter fourteen chapters, called the “origin teaching” (honmon), present him in his original ground (honji) as the Buddha who first attained enlightenment in the inconceivably remote past. (Page 24)

Original Enlightenment and the Transformation of Medieval Japanese Buddhism