The three aspects of “subtle” are illustrated in terms of the effect of Buddhahood. From the three perspectives of the effect of Buddhahood, the “vastness of substance” refers to an all-embracing nature of the substance, because this substance “permeates everywhere and is inclusive of everything in the universe. The “superiority of position” refers to the immeasurable length of time in the past when the Buddha had attained Buddhahood. The “length of function” refers to the Traces (activities of the historical Buddha) that are manifested by the eternal Buddha from the Origin (the moment the Buddha initially attained enlightenment in an incalculable past) (Ts’ung-pen Ch’uichi), that benefit sentient beings in the three periods of time in terms of past, present, and future. (Vol. 2, Page 66)