Not found in the Shutei Hoyo Shiki is a teaching by Chih-i in his “Essentials for Practicing Calming and Insight Dhyana Meditation.” I feel it is important to include it in this book of important matters. These essentials are Zeal, Vigor, Mindfulness, Discernment, and Single-Mindedness.

Zeal

First, a person must possess the desire, the willingness to change something. Without this aspiring to change there is no initial cause for implementation.

Vigor

Next, a person must approach the task with effort, and a willingness to accomplish the task without letting up. Not being afraid to challenge the root causes of which may be the most difficult. Unrelenting adherence to the Six Perfections, the Eightfold Path even when it seems most difficult or most discouraging.

Mindfulness

Generation of a mind that is able to see what is based upon reality and what is based on our interpretation. A mind that is aware that there are noble acts and acts that are to be avoided. Develop a mind that is free from the outflows of impurity. Being awake in the moment and aware.

Discernment

Discrimination of action based on mindfulness. To make critical judgments about what is wise. Assessments of value and achievements against what will be lost or unattainable by acting a certain way. It isn’t always a case of clear-cut choices. Sometimes the choice is between two unpleasant courses that one hopes will yield the greatest potential for future better choices.

Single-Mindedness

Achieving a focus that prohibits us from being distracted and side-tracked. Making a single-minded effort to cultivate one’s mind so that nothing can interfere with our efforts.

Important Matters, p 96-97