Chih-i emphasizes the superiority of the cause and effect that is stated in the Lotus Sūtra compared with that stated in other sūtras. The coarse or subtle gist is determined in terms of whether or not all Śrāvakas and bodhisattvas can enter one perfect cause of Buddhahood, and simultaneously attain realization as the ultimate effect of Buddhahood. The Lotus Sūtra is considered by Chih-i as subtle, since its cause is perfect and its effect is ultimate, which contains no expedience. Nevertheless, in view of all coarse or subtle causes and effects that can lead one to attain Buddhahood, all of them are subtle. The realization of such an absolute subtlety is through opening the coarseness and revealing the subtlety, by which all the coarse causes and effects in other sūtras are dissolved, and become subtle. (Vol. 2, Page 440)