Original enlightenment thought, in short, was not limited to transmissions concerning doctrine but informed those concerning the temples, icons, deities, and practices of Mt. Hiei; the bodhisattva precepts; and Buddhist vocal music. Virtually all forms of medieval Tendai secret transmissions were grounded in the assumption of original enlightenment. It was this, in fact, that lent them their potency as secret transmissions: In each case, the ultimate “secret” is that a particular set of forms, actions, or whatever the specific content of the transmission, is in itself the expression of innate enlightenment. The clear presence of hongaku ideas in transmissions associated with kaihōgyō, rites directed toward the kami, precept observance, and the chanting of hymns also raises serious questions about the claim that original enlightenment thought represents a theory divorced from practice. (Page 130)