The perfection of patience is of course about being patient when suffering setbacks in life, physical or emotional harm, or even malice from other beings. They overcome anger and ill-will through their compassion and the insight that in the interplay of causes and conditions there is nothing ultimately personal about any of the injuries suffered. Again, this perfection is perfected as the bodhisattva overcomes attachment and aversion and the idea that there are ultimately real beings and objects to grasp or reject. The bodhisattva must also be patient with the Dharma itself. The teaching that all things are empty of any self-nature or essence can be quite disconcerting, and its subtleties are hard to understand. The bodhisattva must patiently continue to contemplate the perfection of wisdom until they see that in fact no unchanging independent essence can be found amidst causes and conditions and that the unobstructed true nature of reality is the groundless ground (so to speak) of the liberated selfless compassion of buddhahood.