In terms of the difference between Śrāvakayāna and Mahāyāna Buddhism over the issue of self-enlightenment and enlightening others, Chih-i’s category of the Ten Subtleties as a whole proves that there are actually no differences, for both issues are interactive. The first five categories of Subtlety center on the issue of enlightenment for oneself, and the last five categories of Subtlety address the Buddha’s activity of enlightening others. In actuality, even in the first five categories, Chih-i reveals that the bodhisattva practice of striving for enlightenment is in the context of helping others. Liberation for oneself is inseparable from liberating others. In terms of the relation between the first and last five categories of the Ten Subtleties, what Chih-i intends to demonstrate is that as a result of attaining Buddhahood, the Buddha’s soteriological activity of saving living beings spontaneously arises. If we say that the bodhisattva practice of attaining self-enlightenment lies in his action of helping others as it is addressed in the first five categories of the Ten Subtleties; likewise, the Buddha’s manifestation of Buddhahood also lies in his action of saving beings. The only difference between these two types of saving others is that the former is the bodhisattva practice with a deliberate action, and the latter is the Buddha’s spontaneous manifestation of his Buddhahood with no-action (i.e., action with complete spontaneity and naturalness), because the Buddha is in a state of quiescence and constant illumination. (Vol. 2, Page 317-318)