Five Aspects of 3,000 Realms

The concept of the “three thousand realms in a single thought-moment” is not, however, merely an analysis of the structure of reality. It is the “realm of the inconceivable” to be discerned in meditation by the practitioner, who in so doing realizes one’s own identity with the totality of all that is. Kanno Hiroshi, in an essay on ichinen sanzen, lists five soteriological implications of this concept.

  1. By virtue of the ten suchnesses, which constitute “the true aspect of the dharmas,” all beings in the hierarchy of the ten dharma realms, from hell-dwellers at the bottom to Buddhas at the top, are shown to have a common ontological structure, upon which the mutual inclusion of the ten realms can be asserted. Thus, the ichinen sanzen concept structurally clarifies the basis upon which deluded beings can realize Buddhahood. Specifically, because the Buddha realm is inherent in the human realm, ordinary worldlings can potentially become Buddhas.
  2. As a corollary, the ontological equality of all beings is established, whatever their place in the hierarchy of the ten dharma realms.
  3. Just as the Buddha realm is contained even in the hell realm, so the hell realm is contained even in the realm of Buddha. This undergirds the claim that the Tathāgata still possesses the nature of evil innately and thus clarifies the basis of the Buddha’s compassion, upon which his salvation of evil beings can become reality.
  4. The subjective individual and the objective dharma realm are shown to be nondual; hell-dwellers live in hells, Buddhas in Buddha lands, and so on. Thus, potentially, the individual’s realization of Buddhahood can transform the outer world. As will be noted in chapter 6, this implication of the ichinen sanzen concept undergoes particular development in the teaching of Nichiren.
  5. All existential possibilities, from the utmost suffering of the hells to the Buddha’s liberation, are implicit in the present thought-moment of the ordinary person; thus, all potential is located within the individual. (Page 181)
Original Enlightenment and the Transformation of Medieval Japanese Buddhism