Dharani is a Sanskrit word; in Chinese it is taken to mean “total upholding.” Total upholding means holding on to the good, thus preventing evil. Since it has the meaning of not to lose the [good] teachings of the Buddha, it signifies to memorize phrases of the Sutra. The memorized phrases of teachings are called dharanis, and phrases of spells are called dharani-ju or dharani-jinju. In this chapter of the Sutra, dharani refer to dharani-ju.