Chih-i’s Perfect and Harmonizing Philosophy

By elaborating the relation between the Origin as the Ultimate and the Traces as the Relative—the two divisions that constitute the Lotus Sūtra, the exposition of the Lotus Sūtra is developed coherently according to these two divisions. By stating that the Origin is the cause for the manifestation of the Traces, and the Traces are the effect derived from the Origin, the connections among the Ten Subtleties, the Five Sections, the Four Siddhāntas, and the Four Teachings are revealed. This revelation demonstrates the systematic nature of Chih-i’s theory that is coherent and consistent, embodying once more his perfect and harmonizing philosophy. (Page 150)

The Profound Meaning of the Lotus Sutra: Tien-tai Philosophy of Buddhism