In cleaning up my desk, I found a photocopy of a translation of an article in the Nichiren Shu Shinbun No. 2373 published on Sept. 1, 2019. The article was written by Rev. Shincho Mochizuki, Ph.D., Professor, Minobusan University, and translated into English by Rev. Keiji Oshima.

Here’s the text of the article without the Japanese and Chinese characters:

The Number of the Characters of the Lotus Sutra Translated in Chinese and the Merit of Odaimoku

The Lotus Sutra we recite is one of three versions translated in Chinese, which are Shō Hokekyō translated by Dharmarakṣa (Jiku Hōgo), Tempon Hokekyō by Jñānagupta (Janakutta), and Myōhō Renge Kyō by Kumārajīva (Kumarajū).

Nichiren Shū uses Myōhō Renge Kyō and there are various opinions about the number of the characters this sutra contains. Nichiren Shōnin refers to its number in his writing Thank-you Note for a Clerical Robe and an Unlined Kimono (On-Koromo Narabini Hitoe Gosho), which was written in 1275 as an appreciation letter for the offering of the kimono and cloth for the robe from the wife of Toki Jōnin: “The Lotus Sutra has 69,384 characters and each of them is a Buddha.”

Chōkyō-ge, which is considered composed by Grand Master T’ian Tai Zhi Yi ( Tendai Daishi Chigi) who propagated the Lotus Sutra in China, also says that each character written in the Lotus Sutra should be the Buddha itself as following: “I deeply bow to the Sutra of the Lotus Flower of the Wonderful Dharma, Saddharma Pundarika, of a unit of the 8 volumes containing 28 chapters composed of 69,384 characters. Each character of this sutra is the True Buddha. The True Buddha’s preaching benefits the living beings. All the living beings will have attained the Way of the Buddha. Thus, I bow to the Lotus Sutra.”

The numbers of the 7 characters of Odaimoku divided by Myōhō Renge Kyō of 69,384 characters is 9,912. Hence, approximately 10,000 times of chanting the Odaimoku is equivalent to reciting the whole 8 volumes of Lotus Sutra, in terms of the numbers of characters. You may see some temples have the monument with Odaimoku carved “Humbly fulfilled to chant 10,000 Odaimoku,” which tells that they accumulated the same merit as chanting the whole Lotus Sutra by chanting 10,000 Odaimoku. In order to contribute in accumulating this merit for their temple, the followers participate in the activities and chant Odaimoku.

Here’s the photocopy of the article.

Trivia point: If you do the recommended 300 Daimoku in the morning and again in the evening evening, which for me takes about 20 minutes at a time, then you recite the entire Lotus Sutra – 9,912 Daimoku – every 16 and a half days. In my practice, that means I accomplish this twice each cycle through my 32 Days of the Lotus Sutra (which takes 34 days when you add the Sutra of Innumerable Meanings and the Sutra of the Contemplation of Universal Sage). I like the idea of circumnavigating the Lotus Sutra three times each month.

It was very nice to be back indoors Sunday, even if we are still masked and socially distant from each other. We have not had indoor services at the Sacramento Nichiren Buddhist Church since July, when the state and county health officials banned indoor church services to slow the spread of COVID-19.

This has been one long year, without any services from February to June, indoor briefly in June and then outdoor from July to September. How long will limits on indoor services continue? Will indoor services again be prohibited with a second wave of COVID-19? Never before have I wished so much for a year to be over.

When I got up at 7 am and discovered my Internet had been out for more than four hours, I didn’t have high expectations for my day. Still I soldiered on. I got dressed and did my morning service, reciting the second day’s portion of the Lotus Sutra in shindoku and chanting Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō for 20 minutes.

Checked the Internet. Nothing. You never know what chanting might bring. (Winking smiley face goes here.)

I called my Internet service provider and waited on hold. And waited on hold. And waited on hold. Finally got to talk with a tech support guy only to be disconnected before he could complete troubleshooting my problem.

I called my Internet service provider and waited on hold. And waited on hold. And waited on hold. And waited on hold. And waited on hold. OK. It is Sunday. Can’t expect a full staff.

Finally reached a woman who quickly diagnosed my problem: the backup battery for my fiber-optic connection to my service provider appears to be dead. No battery; no connection. And, again, it is Sunday and the tech support woman said I’d receive a call to schedule a service call to replace the battery. Just not today.

I ended the call and shrugged my shoulders. (Really working hard on the paramita of patience.) And then I looked at the phone and thought: Can I get my weak local cellphone connection to replace my fiber-optic connection?

To be frank, I was surprised at how well it worked.

Dharma talk video

Having completed my Zoom day I was able to share my phone’s cellular WiFi connection and complete this blog post. All together, not a bad day.

Today I participated in another of the Enkyoji Buddhist Network’s online classes. This one dealt with the Four Noble Truths.

The assignment prior to today’s Zoom class was straightforward:

Please take a critical look at basic translations of the Four Noble Truths you find online and compare them. Informed by your own faith and practice, reinterpret or translate the Four Noble Truths through your own critical lens.

I pretty much ignored that and instead took advantage this website, where, since 2015, I’ve been collecting quotes from books on Buddhism that I read to backstop my memory. Searching “noble truths” returns 81 posts.

Here are the quotes that I offered to fulfill my class assignment.

From Awakening to the Lotus

The first thing the Buddha taught was the Four Noble Truths. Put simply, these are:

• Life is Suffering
• There is a cause for Suffering
• Suffering can be overcome
• The way to overcome suffering is the Eightfold Path

From Ryusho Kansho Shonin’s Lecture on the Lotus Sutra

Our practice includes the Four Noble Truths, the Eightfold Path, the Twelve-Link Chain of Causation, the Six Paramitas, and it is all contained in the Lotus Sutra and the Odaimoku of Namu Myoho Renge Kyo. When we strive to live according to the fundamental truths of Buddhism and follow the teachings in the Lotus Sutra by chanting the sutra and the Odaimoku, we create a life that manifests our inherent Buddha potential and allows us to live a life of indestructible happiness.

From The Beginnings of Buddhism:

“O brothers, this is the Noble Truth of Suffering. Birth is suffering; old age is suffering; illness is suffering; death is suffering; meeting people one hates is suffering; parting from people one loves is suffering; failing to get what one wants is suffering. In other words, all five aggregates of the body and mind, which have attachments to things and to people, and of the environment are suffering. This is the Noble Truth of Suffering.

“O brothers, this is the Noble Truth of the Cause of Suffering. Craving – for sensual pleasure, continued existence, and annihilation; for happiness in all places, accompanied by joy and covetousness – which leads to rebirth, is the basic cause and reason for suffering. And this is the Noble Truth of the Cause of Suffering.

“O brothers, this is the Noble Truth of the Extinction of Suffering. The Noble Truth of the Extinction of Suffering is the total elimination of craving, abandoning it entirely, being liberated from it, and no longer having any attachments.

“O brothers, this is the Noble Truth of the Path to the Extinction of Suffering. The Eightfold Noble Path – right view, right thinking, right speech, right action, right living, right effort, right memory, and right meditation – is the Noble Truth of the Path to the Extinction of Suffering.” (Page 33-34)

From Lotus Seeds:

Right View is fully understanding life as revealed by the Four Noble Truths.

Right Intention is thinking clearly without the distortion of greed, hatred, or delusion. We are sincere and do not harbor ulterior motives.

Right Speech is the avoidance of deceit, gossip, slander, and other forms of verbal abuse and dishonesty. Instead, we speak only to benefit others and to reveal the truth.

Right Action is conducting oneself in an ethical manner and acting to benefit others. We refrain from killing, stealing, sexual deception or exploitation, and other activities harmful to ourselves and to others.

Right Livelihood is making a living without harming or exploiting others. Right livelihood precludes such activities as dealing in armaments, drug dealing, fraud, insider trading and any other means of living that involves the exploitation or harming of others. In other words, our work should be in accord with the rest of the Eightfold Path.

Right Effort is making every effort to develop good habits while curbing our bad habits.

Right Mindfulness is developing an ongoing awareness of all aspects of our life, including our physical condition and actions, our feelings, moods, ideas, our general enviroument, and our relations with others. Through such careful attention we are able to see more deeply into the true nature of our lives.

Right Concentration is making every effort to develop our Buddhist practice in order to acquire tranquility, insight into the true nature of life, and liberation from false views.

From Open Your Eyes by Ryuei Shonin

In Treatise on protecting the Nation, Nichiren provides citations from various sūtras to justify this time scheme of the five periods. These five flavors or periods were then made to correspond to certain analogies used in the sūtras. One analogy comes from the Nirvāṇa Sūtra and relates the teachings to milk and its products – cream, curds, butter, and clarified butter. …

[The second period] The Deer Park – for the next twelve years beginning with the Deer Park discourse, the Buddha exclusively taught the tripiṭaka doctrine for the śrāvakas. At this stage the Buddha taught the four noble truths and the twelvefold chain of dependent origination in order to free people from worldly attachments and to overcome self-centeredness.

From Lotus Seeds:

Of the Four Higher Worlds – voice­ hearers, privately awakened ones, bodhisattvas, and buddhas – voice­ hearers is the world as viewed from the perspective of the Four Noble Truths: suffering, the cause of suffering, freedom from suffering, and the way to eliminate suffering. Those who live in this state of mind look to the Buddha for insight and guidance, and strive to free themselves from the Six Lower Worlds.

From Introduction to the Lotus Sutra:

The First Noble Truth is, “All is suffering.” Suffering here refers to the situation in which we cannot meet our desires or wishes. This truth implies that all life is suffering as long as we are dominated by greed, ignorance of the law, and hostility towards others. Our desires can never be fully satisfied.

The Second Noble Truth states, “The cause of sufferings is ignorance.” This means that suffering in life is caused by ignorance arising from our instincts, such as thirst, hunger, sex, and fear.

The Third Noble Truth states, “The extinction of ignorance is nirvana.” The sravakas took this to mean that ignorance could be extinguished only by quenching human desires.

The Fourth Noble Truth maintains, “The Way to Nirvana is by practicing the Eightfold Path.” The Eightfold Path consists of (1) right views (a correct understanding of the Four Noble Truths), (2) right thoughts (the ability to reflect on the Four Truths), (3) right speech (speaking only the truth and words of kindness), (4) right deeds (proper acts—that is, morality), (5) right livelihood (making a living without harming others), (6) right effort (or exertion), (7) right memory (memory of things beneficial to enlightenment), and (8) right concentration of mind (correct meditation).

From Basic Buddhist Concepts:

Buddhism begins with a direct examination of suffering, which figures prominently in most basic Buddhist teachings. For instance, one of the most fundamental of Buddhist doctrines is the four seals of the Law – suffering, impermanence, absence of a permanent self, and nirvana. The first of the Four Noble Truths is that birth is suffering, and in the Twelve-linked Chain of Dependent Origination, the final link, aging and death, is described as lamentable and pitiable suffering. Because of the numerous mentions of suffering in the most ancient scriptures, some people criticize Buddhism as pessimistic or argue that it is too otherworldly and aloof from the affairs of everyday life. But to overcome suffering is the purpose of all religions. The ultimate goal of Buddhism, too, is to conquer suffering, transcend the cycle of transmigrations, and attain the tranquility called nirvana.

Again from Basic Buddhist Concepts:

Put to use in everyday life, the Eightfold Path can enhance health, keep people on the proper moral and ethical road, increase efficiency at work, establish a correct view of the world and humankind, and cultivate wisdom. But Mahayana Buddhism rejected sole reliance on the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path as insufficient for its goal, which is to work diligently not only for personal enlightenment but also for the improvement of one’s fellow human beings and all society. Though Mahayana followers recognized the value of the Hinayana truths and principles of action for self-improvement, they decried the absence of altruistic ideals. In the stead of the solitary arhat, they adopted the ideal of the bodhisattva, whose first consideration is the benefit and happiness of other beings. The Eightfold Path, which cannot serve as a complete teaching for bodhisattvas, was replaced with the Six Perfections as the model for religious action.

Again from Basic Buddhist Concepts:

No more permanent than any other aspect of the world, suffering can be converted into happiness. But seeking the reason for suffering’s existence is the necessary first step toward achieving this transformation. Only by examining the causal relationship giving rise to sorrows is it possible to discover a logical way to eliminate them. Shakyamuni did precisely this. The second of the Four Noble Truths gives the cause of suffering as craving. (The Twelve-linked Chain of Dependent Origination … is a more detailed explanation of the cause of suffering.) The third and fourth Noble Truths enunciate the way to eliminate suffering, testifying to a state in which suffering is extinct and teaching the Eightfold Path as the way to reach that state. Thus we see the close interrelation of the seals of the Law, the Four Noble Truths, and the law of dependent origination.

From The Profound Meaning of the Lotus Sutra: Tien-tai Philosophy of Buddhism

Sui-hsin-hsing Wei (Position of the practice following faith) is the first of the Seven Saintly Positions. The name of this position Sui-hsin-hsing (Skt., śraddhānusārin) is derived from the person with dull faculties (Ch., Tun-ken; Skt., mṛdvindriya). He enters the Path of Vision (Ch., Ju Chien-tao; Skt., niyāmāvakramapa) by his belief in what he is told by others, but not by his own intellect.

Sui-fa-hsing Wei (Position of the practice following the Dharma) is the second of the Seven Saintly Positions. In opposite to the above one, the person with relatively sharp faculties (Ch., Li-ken; Skt., t̄kyṣṇēndriya) achieves this position Sui-fa-hsing (Skt., dharmānusārin), because he enters the Path through his own contemplation of the Four Noble Truths. The first and this second position are at the initial stage of religious path and are referred to as the “Path of Vision” (Ch., Chien-tao; Skt., darśanamārga) (which entails no practice). (Vol. 2, Page 202-203)

From Nizen Nijō Bosatsu Fu-sabutsu Ji, Never-Attaining Buddhahood by the Two Vehicles and Bodhisattvas in the Pre-Lotus Sūtras, Writings of Nichiren Shōnin, Doctrine 3, Page 221-222

It is stated in the Discourse on the Diamond Scalpel by Grand Master Dengyō:

“The truth that motivates the bodhisattvas to take the Four Great Vows is the Four Noble Truths (the truth regarding the suffering, the cause of suffering, the extinction of suffering, and the path to enlightenment). Delusion of life and death that everything in the universe (3,000 Existences in the 100 Realms) repeats is the truth that life is full of suffering. Realizing in mind and body that this delusion of life and death is itself enlightenment is called the ‘vow to save all the people.’

From Hokke Daimoku Shō, Treatise on the Daimoku of the Lotus Sūtra, Writings of Nichiren Shōnin, Faith and Practice, Volume 4, Page 36

How then can it be denied that something wonderful happens with the Lotus Sūtra? Even a parrot is said to have been reborn in the realm of heavenly beings just by repeating the name of the Four Noble Truths of the Hinayāna teaching. Moreover, a man who dedicated himself to the Three Treasures – the Buddha, Dharma, and Saṃgha – was able to escape the attack of a monster fish in the ocean. Imagine the wonders that would occur with the daimoku of the Lotus Sūtra, the essence of all the 80,000 teachings, and the eye of all the Buddhas. Do you still hold the belief that you cannot escape the four kinds of evil realms by just chanting the daimoku of the Lotus Sūtra?

The new normal.

Attended the monthly Kaji Kito service at the Sacramento Nichiren Buddhist Church. The masked crowd was given a socially distanced purification prayer by Rev. Kenjo Igarashi. Judging by California’s revised guidelines it will be at least five weeks before services will again be allowed inside. The grass in the courtyard between the Social Hall and the Temple is already showing signs of wear and Rev. Igarashi, who serves as the church gardener in his spare time, is worried that the grass will not survive.

I wish I were able to detail Rev. Igarashi’s Dharma talk but I didn’t record it. The subject, however, was about the need for religion to meet the needs of individual before focusing on wider goals. This was the subject of Rev. Igarashi’s Lecture published in the church’s November/December 2016 newsletter. After discussing Nichiren Shonin and his various forms of prayer for differing purposes, Rev. Igarashi writes:

However, I personally think that we must first attempt to practice what I like to call “rissho anshin” or “establishing one’s peace of mind”, before embarking on a path to help others. We cannot expect someone who is suffering or unhappy with his or her life to have the capacity to pray for world peace. However, we can use the teachings of the Lotus Sutra, or the “right teaching” as Nichiren Shonin called it, to work towards attaining happiness, after which we can pray for peace within one’s family, the country, and then the world. Thus, we can take small steps that would allow us to ultimately practice what Nichiren Shonin stated in his Rissho Ankoku Ron.

Focusing on Rissho Anshin Before Rissho Ankoku