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Praying for the dead

20220327_caleb_altar-275x457On my altar is a quote from Nichiren’s letter, Hōren-shō, Writings of Nichiren Shōnin, Volume 6, Followers I, Pages 56-57.

As you read and recite the ‘jiga-ge’ verse, you produce 510 golden characters. Each of these characters transforms itself to be the sun, which in turn changes to Śākyamuni Buddha, who emits the rays of bright light shining through the earth, the three evil realms (hell, realm of hungry spirits and that of beasts), the Hell of Incessant Suffering, and to all the directions in the north, south, east, and west. They shine upward to the ‘Heaven of neither Thought nor Non-Thought’ at the top of the realm of non-form looking everywhere for the souls of the departed.

This was originally created to honor the wife’s father. At my request, Rev. Igarashi decorated this with the Daimoku and characters for Fudo and Aizen. After the memorial service for my father-in-law, I made this an object of devotion for all of the dead.

When the wife and I heard a few weeks ago of the death of Caleb Bodine she wrote his name and date of death on a Post-It note and I attached it to the frame holding the Hōren-shō quote.

Morning and evening each day thereafter I concluded my Daimoku chanting with three Namu-Myoho-Renge-Kyo especially for his spirit.

What did I expect to happen? In his Hōren-shō letter, Nichiren explains the effect of chanting for the souls of the departed.

Upon finding the spirit of your father, they politely say, “Whom do you think we are? We are the characters of the ‘jiga-ge’ of the Lotus Sūtra chanted by your son Hōren every morning. We will be your eyes, ears, legs, and hands.” Then your father’s spirit will say, “My son, Hōren, is not my son but a ‘good friend’ who leads me to Buddhahood,” and worship you toward the Sahā World. This is indeed true filial piety.

In another letter, Nichiren tells what happens when a calligrapher writes the characters for the title of the eight fascicles of the Lotus Sutra.

Thus I-lung was forced to copy the titles of the sūtra, namely, from “The Sūtra of the Lotus Flower of the Wonderful Dharma, Fascicle One” to “The Sūtra of the Lotus Flower of the Wonderful Dharma, Fascicle Eight.” Returning home in the evening, I-lung lamented, “I was unable to disobey the Imperial order, and went against the will of my father by copying the Buddhist sūtra. Both the heavenly gods and terrestrial deities must be furious with me for being an unfilial son.” He then went to bed.

During the night he had a dream in which a great light appeared. While wondering whether or not it was the morning sunlight, a heavenly being accompanied by many attendants was standing in the garden, and there appeared 64 Buddhas in the sky above this heavenly being. Pressing the two palms of his hands together in gasshō, I-lung inquired, “What kind of heavenly being are you?” The heavenly being answered:

“I am your father Wu-lung. Due to my sin of slandering the Buddhist Dharma, my tongue split into eight pieces, my five sense organs bled, my head was broken into seven pieces, and I fell into the Hell of Incessant Suffering. I thought the torment at my death was unbearable indeed. Nevertheless, the pain in the Hell of Incessant Suffering was one hundred, one thousand, one hundred million times more severe. Even the pain a human being experiences when his nails are removed by a dull knife, his neck is sawed off, he is forced to walk on a charcoal fire, or crammed into thorns cannot compare to the torment in the Hell of Incessant Suffering. I tried in vain to inform my own son of this. One could not measure the regret I felt that I willed to you at my death not to copy the Buddhist sūtras. However, regret does not mend matters. It did not do any good no matter how much I regretted and blamed myself.

“Starting yesterday morning, however, the character myō at the beginning of the Lotus Sūtra came flying over the tripod kettle in the Hell of Incessant Suffering, transforming itself into the golden colored Śākyamuni Buddha equipped with the 32 marks of physical excellence and a peaceful face like the full moon. The Buddha preached in a resounding voice, ‘All the evil persons, as many as to fill the heaven and earth, will not fail to attain Buddhahood if only they hear the Lotus Sūtra once.’ Then heavy rain began to fall from those characters, extinguishing the blazes in the Hell of Incessant Suffering. As a result, King Yama, though strict as he is, bowed his head in respect, the guards of the hell stood still without their iron sticks, and the sinners all panicked wondering what was happening. Then came flying the character ‘hō,’ appearing just like the ‘myō.’ It was followed by the characters ‘ren,’ ‘ge,’ and ‘kyō.’ Altogether 64 characters thus came flying to become 64 bodies of the Buddha. The 64 Buddhas appearing in the Hell of Incessant Suffering seemed as though 64 suns and moons appeared in the heaven. Nectar rained from the heaven bathing the sinners in hell, who asked the Buddha the reason why this merry occurrence had taken place. The 64 Buddhas answered: “Our golden bodies did not come from the mountain of sandalwoods and treasures; they are the titles of the eight fascicles of the Lotus Sūtra, each consists of eight Chinese characters and therefore 64 in total, written by Ilung, son of Wu-lung, who is in the Hell of Incessant Suffering at present. The hand of I-lung is a part of the body begotten by Wu-lung, therefore, the characters written by I-lung are as though they were written by Wu-lung.’

“Upon hearing this the sinners in the Hell of Incessant Suffering lamented in vain: ‘We also have children, wives, followers in the Sahā World. Why do they not hold memorial services for us? Or, is it that even if they hold services, they don’t help us here because there is not enough merit of good acts?’ One or two days, one or two years, a half or one kalpa (aeon) have passed since we fell into this hell. I am now happy to encounter a ‘good friend,’ who will lead me out of hell while my fellow sinners are glad to follow me to go up to the Trāyastriṃsá Heaven led by you. Therefore, we came to worship you first of all.”

Upon listening to his late father’s account, I-lung was overjoyed to be able to see his father, whom he did not expect to meet again, and to worship the figures of Buddhas, though in a dream.

The 64 Buddhas then spoke to I-lung, “We do not serve any Buddha. As you are our patron, beginning today we will protect you as our parent, therefore please do not forget to help us. In the life hereafter, we will without fail come to lead you to the inner palace of the Tuṣita Heaven.” In response, I-lung respectfully vowed never to write the characters of non-Buddhist scriptures. It was similar to the vow made by Bodhisattva Vasubandhu who pledged not to read the Hinayāna sutras and Nichiren who vowed never to chant the nembutsu.

Today was the Higan service at the Sacramento Nichiren Buddhist Church. Before the service I gave Rev. Igarashi my list of relatives for whom I was requesting prayers and a separate paper I had prepared with a photo of Caleb and asked Rev. Igarashi to include Caleb in the prayers today.

800 Years: Faith, Practice and Magic

In re-reading Nikkyō Niwano’s Buddhism for Today as part of a 34-week Rissho Kosei-Kai in North America (RKINA) advance course on the Threefold Lotus Sutra, I was struck by his description of Śāriputra’s realization at the start of Chapter 3, A Parable:

Śāriputra felt ecstatic with joy when he realized that there was an open gate for him to enter into the real enlightenment of the Buddha the instant he regarded the buddhas’ tactful ways themselves as valuable.

Buddhism for Today, p53

This is understanding by faith. We realize that a gate has been left open for us and we need only enter. Practice is then essential if we are to advance. Nikkyō Niwano stresses that this is not magic or superstition:

When a religion decays, it is likely to be rejected by thinking people because it teaches that one can be reborn in paradise by merely uttering a magic formula. If that were all, it would not be so bad; but sometimes it preaches that no matter what evil one does, one can be saved and go to paradise if only one buys a certain talisman. The real salvation of the Buddha is not such an easy matter. We cannot be saved until we not only learn the Buddha’s teachings but also practice them and elevate ourselves to the stage of making others happy by means of them. The Buddha’s teachings can be clearly understood by anyone and are consonant with reason and common sense; they are not a matter of magic or superstition.

Buddhism for Today, p54-55

Nikkyō Niwano goes on to make a strong argument for why being reborn in a heavenly realm is not a panacea. But the effect of that argument for me is to underscore the role of the protective heavenly deities and their “magical” intervention. Nikkyō Niwano writes:

The “heavenly beings” are beings who live in paradise. They seem to have no trouble or anxiety and so apparently have no need to listen to the teachings of the Buddha, but in fact that is not the case. As already mentioned, because the ideal way of human life is always to advance, not even heavenly beings can feel true joy unless they listen to the still higher teaching of the Buddha. They cannot truly feel joy unless they constantly practice good for the sake of the people who live in the Sahā-world. This is a distinctive and profound feature of Buddhism. To suppose that one can be free from care forever and lead an idle life once one has gone to paradise is a naïve and shallow belief.

Buddhism for Today, p55

I feel “thinking people” can leave open the possibility that one benefit of our Buddhist practice can be the unseen “magical” help from the deities who vowed to protect the keeper of the Lotus Sutra. (See Are the Gods Gone?)

British science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke famously said, “Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.” Perhaps the same can be said of any sufficiently advanced Buddhist practice.


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Caleb Michael Bodine

Last known photo of Caleb Michael Bodine, born 11-1-1992 and died 11-23-2021

During my celebration of Higan here this month, I used Nikkyō Niwano’s definitions of the Six Pāramitā from his Buddhism for Today. I was very unhappy with his discussion of wisdom.

We cannot save others without having wisdom. Let us suppose that there is an impoverished young man lying by the road. And suppose that we feel pity for him and give him some money without reflecting on the consequences. What if he is mildly addicted to some drug? He will grab the money given to him and use it to buy drugs. In this way he may become seriously, even hopelessly, addicted. If we had handed him over to the police instead of giving him money, he would have been sent to a hospital and could start life over again. This is the kind of error we may commit in performing donation without wisdom.

Perhaps in Japan and perhaps in 1976, when Buddhism for Today was first published in English, but not today, and not here in America.

Caleb Michael Bodine was born in 1992 on the first day of November, the third child of Candi and Chris Bodine. Caleb’s older brother, Colin, and my son, Richard, were friends throughout school. The wife and I met Candi and Chris when our children were in kindergarten and we cheered together from the football field stands as our sons graduated from high school.

All three of the Bodine children grew up in a loving and supportive family, but all the love and attention and support and law enforcement intervention could not prevent Caleb from falling into a downward spiral of drugs and petty crime. He died, homeless, on the streets of San Francisco on Nov. 23, 2021. He was only 29 years old.

Four months later, Candi emerged from her grief to publish this notice on Instagram and Facebook:

March 23, 2022. It’s been four months. Four months from today when our hearts broke. Our son Caleb lost his life to the disease of addiction 22 days after his 29th birthday. I am finally coming out of the fog and felt like it was time to talk about it. It was a long hard struggle for him and I missed him every day. The difference is now I will miss him forever. I hope and pray that he is at peace and now out of the pain that addiction causes. The photo I shared is the last picture I have of him. I’m not exactly sure where it was taken but it’s something he sent me about three years ago. I like to imagine that he is up on top of a mountain -healthy and happy and living his best life. Caleb was so smart and funny and interesting, a great athlete and someone that I called a friend. I hate that drugs took him from us but he will forever hold a place in my heart and now he is home with us albeit not in the way we would have wanted. He was a son and a brother and a nephew and a friend and an uncle to 2 amazing little twin nieces that he never got the opportunity to meet. Rest in peace my little buddy. I love you. Caleb Michael Bodine 11/01/92-11/23/21

While Nikkyō Niwano’s explanation of Wisdom is not helpful, his discussion of Buddha Nature in his book The Lotus Sutra Life and Soul of Buddhism suggests a view we should all approach:

The word, Buddha, originally means the Enlightened One, that is, a man who perfected himself spiritually. Accordingly, to take the case of a man in actuality, the buddha-nature means the possibility which makes a man become a person who perfects himself spiritually and frees himself from the bonds of illusion and suffering, although, in a strict sense, it indicates man’s true nature which is united with the universal life in a body.

Sakyamuni saw through the fact that such a possibility is sure to exist in all men. He pointed out and taught this fact by His strong words. It was indeed something to be thankful for.

But for this teaching in this world, those who regard themselves as worthless and sinful men will be prepossessed by the idea that such worthlessness and sinfulness are their own true nature and they will not be able to get rid of this prepossession.

But for this teaching, for example, when we see the evil of another person, we take him for a bad man and hate him. For example, when we see a spiritless man, we conclusively brand him as a useless dullard and shall take no notice of him.

Toward others as well as ourselves, as long as we have such a way of looking at people and adopt such an attitude, we cannot find salvation in this manner. Others as well as we ourselves are covered by dark shadows of agony, hopelessness, desperation, contempt, faithlessness or hatred. The world always treats us coldly and sharply, and unpleasant disputes do not come to an end here.

At that time, if we can awake to the fact that “we have the buddha-nature and we have the possibility of elevating ourselves infinitely,” we shall have the same feeling as if a window were suddenly broken open in a wall of a dark prison and the bright sunlight streamed through it. As soon as we see that light, how much we shall be encouraged by it! We shall certainly stand up in spite of ourselves and shall begin to endeavor to steal out of our prison.

If we can realize the fact that “all other people also have the buddha-nature and that they, too, have the possibility of becoming perfect men,” we completely change our way of looking at them. If we believe the good of another person as being his true nature, while we also admit his wrongs and his defects as they are, we shall have the feeling of respecting him and receiving him as a man without only hating him, excluding him, forsaking him and disregarding him. Such a feeling is called the spirit of tolerance.


Also see:

800 Years: Promises

Each time as I cycle through the 32 Days of the Lotus Sutra (which, of course, is actually 34 days with the addition the Sutra of Innumerable Meanings and the Contemplation of Universal Sage) I am struck by the promises offered to everyone. This is especially true in Chapter 2.

“Any Śrāvaka or Bodhisattva
Who hears even a gāthā
Of this sūtra which I am to expound
Will undoubtedly become a Buddha.”

I believe it is these promises that have made the Lotus Sutra so important in Asia and why it translates so well as it is introduced to new readers. How can we not have faith?

Yet, some people won’t accept.

“Śāriputra, know this!
Men of dull capacity and of little wisdom cannot believe the Dharma.
Those who are attached to the appearances of things are arrogant.
They cannot believe it, either.”

But there is so much to believe that is made explicit in the Lotus Sutra. These promises don’t require a lifetime to accomplish or the endurance of painful ascetic practices.

“Anyone who rejoices at hearing the Dharma
And utters even a single word in praise of it
Should be considered to have already made offerings
To the past, present, and future Buddhas.
Such a person is rarely seen,
More rarely than the udumbara-flower.”

With enough faith to believe in the promise of the Lotus Sutra we can advance along the path.

“The boys who by playing drew
A picture of the Buddha
With a piece of grass or wood,
Or with a brush,
Or with the back of their fingernails,
Became able to accumulate merits one by one.
Having great compassion towards others,
They attained the enlightenment of the Buddha,
Taught only Bodhisattvas,
And saved many living beings.

“Those who, without concentrating their minds,
Offered nothing but a flower to the picture of the Buddha,
Became able to see
Innumerable Buddhas one after another.”

Faith is not magical. We must act just as the children who lost their right mind needed first to believe the medicine would taste good and then take the medicine. We are promised a reward and all we are asked to do is practice and study.

“Those who do not study the Dharma
Cannot understand it.
You have already realized
The fact that the Buddhas, the World-Teachers, employ expedients,
According to the capacities of all living beings.
Know that, when you remove your doubts,
And when you have great joy,
You will become Buddhas!”

This final promise of Chapter 2 is a fitting end. As Ryusho Jeffus wrote in his Lecture on the Lotus Sutra:

“Chapter II ends telling us that when we are able to overcome our hurdle of doubt and when joy wells up from within our lives, then we are able to become Buddhas. That is my wish for you as you read this writing on the Lotus Sutra. I wish for you to be able to experience the great joy of the Lotus Sutra.”


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800 Years: The Journey to the Other Shore

Today, March 20, 2022, is the Spring Equinox. Three days before today and three days after Nichiren Buddhist practitioners consider the Six Paramitas and assess how well they have approached each perfection. In the middle of this seven-day practice, Nichiren churches pay homage to ancestors and loved ones who have passed away.

This week is called Higan, which translates literally as arriving at the other shore. For purposes of my 800 Years of Faith project, I want to use this opportunity to consider how practice and study make it possible to advance once we have our initial moment of faith.

The essential nature of practice is well illustrated by Nikkyō Niwano’s discussion of Buddhist fundamentals in Buddhism for Today:

“[Śākyamuni taught three truths]: ‘All things are impermanent’ (Shogyō mujō), ‘Nothing has an ego’ (Shohō muga), and ‘Nirvana is quiescence’ (nehan jakujō). These three great truths are also called the Seal of the Three Laws (sambō-in). They are so important that they are said to be the three fundamental principles of Buddhism.

“However, an ordinary person cannot easily realize these three great truths. In order to do so, it is necessary for him to practice them and endeavor to achieve them in his daily life: he must practice the bodhisattva way with his mind, his body, and his actions. This means that he must devote himself to the practice of the doctrines of the Eightfold Path (hasshō-dō) and the Six Perfections (roku-haramitsu).

Buddhism for Today, p26-27

The need for study is underscored by the common misinterpretation of “Nirvana is quiescence.” As Nikkyō Niwano explains:

“[The law that nirvana is quiescence] has been misunderstood because of misconstruing the word “nirvana.” Many people think nirvana is synonymous with death. The words “Śākyamuni Buddha entered nirvana” are ordinarily used to refer to the death of the Buddha. For this reason the law “Nirvana is quiescence” has been understood to refer to a paradise like the Pure Land of Amitābha Buddha, which in Pure Land Buddhism is believed to be our ideal destination after death.

“The Sanskrit word nirvāṇa has the negative meaning of ‘extinction’ or ‘annihilation.’ Therefore this word also means the state in which one’s body dies or disappears. At the same time, nirvana means the state reached by extinguishing all illusions, and this is the sense in which it is used in the teachings of the Buddha. In the true sense of the word, nirvana means the state attained by completely destroying all illusions and of never being tempted by them in the future. Therefore the words ‘Śākyamuni Buddha entered nirvana’ mean not his death but the enlightenment attained by him.

“The law ‘Nirvana is quiescence’ teaches us that we can completely extinguish all the sufferings of human life and obtain peace and quietude when we destroy all illusions. How can we reach this state? The only way is to realize the two laws ‘All things are impermanent’ and ‘Nothing has an ego.’ ”

Buddhism for Today, p32

With practice and study, faith will surely grow.


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800 Years: Arrogance

Before going on with the message of faith contained in Chapter 2, it’s necessary to explore what faith is not: arrogance.

As mentioned earlier, the children of the Skillful Physician in Chapter 16 drank poison when their father was away on business. Not helpful, but not deliberate. Arrogance is deliberate.

When Śāriputra asks the Buddha to explain why he is saying all of this new stuff about expedient means, the Buddha warns:

“My teaching is wonderful and inconceivable.
If arrogant people hear me,
They will not respect or believe me.”

And that is exactly what happens when the Buddha finally acquiesces to Śāriputra’s request.

“You asked me three times with enthusiasm. How can I leave the Dharma unexpounded? Listen to me attentively, and think over my words! Now I will expound the Dharma to you.

“When he had said this, five thousand people among the bhikṣus, bhikṣunīs, upāsakās, and upāsikās of this congregation rose from their seats, bowed to the Buddha, and retired because they were so sinful and arrogant that they thought that they had already obtained what they had not yet, and that they had already understood what they had not yet. Because of these faults, they did not stay. The World-Honored One kept silence and did not check them.”

It is really, really hard for me to imagine being that arrogant. But as explained in the gāthās, more was at work here than simple arrogance:

“Some bhikṣus and bhikṣunīs
Were arrogant.
Some upāsakās were self-conceited.
Some upāsikās were unfaithful.
Those four kinds of devotees
Were five thousand in number.

“They could not see their own faults.
They could not observe all the precepts.
They were reluctant to heal their own wounds.
Those people of little wisdom are gone.
They were the dregs of this congregation.
They were driven away by my powers and virtues.”

“They had too few merits and virtues
To receive the Dharma.
Now there are only sincere people here.
All twigs and leaves are gone.”

Examples of arrogance are found elsewhere in the Lotus Sutra such as the monks who challenge Never Despising Bodhisattva. Even Maitreya Bodhisattva, who is to be the next Buddha, was once a monk who “always seeking fame and gain / He often visited noble families. / He did not understand what he had recited, / Gave it up, and forgot it.”

But what’s important to keep in mind is that all of these arrogant people are saved in the end.

“[I]f everything is said in the Lotus, what is the purpose of the Nirvāṇa [Sutra]? Here, those five thousand haughty monks and nuns who walked out in the second chapter of the Lotus Sūtra come to the rescue. The sūtra does not explain what became of them, but Zhiyi explains that they returned to the assembly that surrounded the Buddha’s deathbed. The Buddha thus compassionately reiterated the central message of the Lotus Sūtra to those who had missed it the first time.” [The Lotus Sutra: A Biography, Page 56-57]


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On the Journey to the Other Shore

Higan is a seven-day period that happens three days before and three days after the Spring and Fall Equinox. During this period Buddhists are asked to consciously reflect upon themselves and their deeds in relation to the Six Paramitas, the perfections in behavior that make up the Bodhisattva practice. The three days before the Equinox and the three days after focus on each of these perfections. On the day of the Equinox, a ceremony his held honoring one’s ancestors and loved ones who have passed away.

This year the Equinox occurs on Sunday, March 20. Last year, I devoted the entire month of March and September to the topic. This year, since I’m already in the midst of my 800 Years of Faith project, I am going to post a single quote on the three days before and after the Equinox. For March, I’ve decided to use Nikkyō Niwano’s definition of the perfections found Buddhism for Today.

800 Years: The Residence of the Buddha

Yesterday, I described the gate to the Buddha’s wisdom and faith’s role in entering that gate. With this in mind, it is important to appreciate that there are many gates entering the Buddha’s house.

Nikkyō Niwano explains this in Buddhism for Today:

The One-vehicle means: All people can become buddhas. The enlightenment obtained by Śrāvakas, Pratyekabuddhas, and Bodhisattvas alike is one by which they become buddhas, and it is the same in origin. Some can obtain the enlightenment of a Śrāvaka and others can obtain that of Pratyekabuddhahood. Both aspects of enlightenment are gates to the Buddha knowledge.

This is allegorically explained as follows: A person who has entered this gate cannot enter the inner room of the Buddha-knowledge until he has first passed through the porch of the bodhisattva practice. At the same time, it cannot be said that the gate and the porch are not both included within the residence of the Buddha. However, if a person stays at the gate, he will be drenched when it rains and chilled when it snows. “All of you, come into the inner room of the Buddha’s residence. The eastern gate, the western gate, and the porch, all are entrances that lead to the inner room of the Buddha-knowledge.” This is the meaning of the Buddha’s words, “Besides the One Buddha-vehicle, there is neither a second vehicle nor a third. I have shown the existence of these two vehicles by my tactful power. There is only one true goal for all.”

Buddhism for Today, p48-49

The gāthās at the end of Chapter 2 illustrates the many varied gateways of the Lotus Sutra, all of which we are told lead to the Buddha’s wisdom. As Nikkyō Niwano says:

All living beings can enter the Buddha-way from any point: from worshiping the buddhas’ relics, from building stupas and memorials, from building temples and shrines to the buddhas in the wilderness, or even from heaping sand in play to form a buddha’s stupa. All living beings can enter the Buddha-way by doing anything good. As they increasingly strive after virtue and develop the great mind of benevolence, they finally become buddhas.

Buddhism for Today, p50-51

It is faith in the Lotus Sutra that allows us to find and enter these doors. As Nichiren Writes in his Treatise on the Daimoku of the Lotus Sūtra:

Many bodhisattvas with two eyes, the Two Vehicles with slanted eyesight and ordinary people and men of icchantika with poor eyesight all could not see anything clearly in the various pre-Lotus sūtras, much less the colors and shapes of those sūtras. Thanks to the Lotus Sūtra, the two eyes of bodhisattvas were first opened with the help of the moonlight of the theoretical section of the Lotus Sūtra. These were followed by the eyes of the Two Vehicles, ordinary people, and icchantika, which were gradually opened to gain the seed for future Buddhahood. These were due entirely to the merit of the single Chinese character myō.

[Writings of Nichiren Shōnin, Faith and Practice, Volume 4,
Page 41-42]

Faith is truly wonderful.


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800 Years: Entering the Gate

In Chapter 2 of the Lotus Sutra, the Buddha cautions his listeners:

“The wisdom of the [present] Buddhas is profound and immeasurable. The gate to it is difficult to understand and difficult to enter.”

And in gāthās:

“The Dharma cannot be shown.
It is inexplicable by words.
No one can understand it
Except the Buddhas
And the Bodhisattvas
Who are strong in the power of faith.”

As explained earlier, we are taught that only a Buddha and another Buddha can fully understand the equality and differences of all things. What then are we expected to do?

Dale S. Wright writes in “Six Perfections: Buddhism & the Cultivation of Character”:

“From points of departure in ordinary mentality where most of us reside, it was widely thought in Mahayana Buddhism that an initial faith is required to begin this practice of wisdom. As the Large Sutra on Perfect Wisdom defines it: “Faith here means the believing in perfect wisdom, the trusting confidence, the resoluteness, the deliberation, the weighing up, the testing.” Without some faith that these practices are worthwhile, that exerting oneself in them would be a healthy engagement of time and effort, no one would or should take them up. But the sutras imagine, sensibly, that in the process of engaging in these practices, on the basis of that initial faith, what at first requires faith because it seems so foreign and unnatural later becomes a second nature, internalized on the basis of experience. At some point the practitioner ‘knows’ something, feels something strongly, based on what has already taken place. The more deeply ingrained the practices of perfection become, the less discipline is required and the more one is able to perform a wise act spontaneously out of a profound sense of what is right under the circumstances.” (Page 228-229)

In the Sutra of Innumerable Meanings this progression is explained in this way:

“Through the influence of the sutra they will awaken that person’s mind, and he or she will spontaneously experience a change of heart. With the now-awakened trusting mind, that person, through dauntless effort, can acquire this sutra’s dynamic power for great beneficial effect, and he or she will be able to realize the Way and attain its fruits.”

It’s that “now-awakened trusting mind” which is the manifestation of faith. With this faith we cross the threshold of the Buddha’s gate and we enter the path. As we walk that path “at some point the practitioner ‘knows’ something, feels something strongly, based on what has already taken place.”

With faith we begin and with practice we advance.

“Śāriputra! The Tathāgatas divide [the Dharma] into various teachings, and expound those teachings to all living beings so skillfully and with such gentle voices that living beings are delighted.”

And that delight brings joy.

“Know this, Śāriputra!
I once vowed that I would cause
All living beings to become
Exactly as I am.

“That old vow of mine
Has now been fulfilled.
I lead all living beings
Into the Way to Buddhahood.”


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800 Years: The Cause of the Great Purpose

In 1989, when I first chanted the Daimoku, I was encouraged to chant in order to get stuff. Didn’t matter what stuff. Chanting was magical. Have faith, I was told.

Since leaving Soka Gakkai, my understanding of faith has shifted 180 degrees. This was true on Nov. 15, 2015, when I published a blog post following an on-line service with Rev. Ryusho Jeffus. And it is even truer today.

My understanding of faith today has grown from my appreciation of the purpose of the Buddha’s teaching. That purpose is succinctly explained in Chapter 2 of the Lotus Sutra:

“Śāriputra! The purpose of the various teachings that the Buddhas expound according to the capacities of all living beings is difficult to understand. I also expound various teachings with innumerable expedients, that is to say, with stories of previous lives, parables, similes and discourses. [The purpose of the various teachings of the Buddhas is difficult to understand] because the Dharma cannot be understood by reasoning. Only the Buddhas know the Dharma because the Buddhas, the World-Honored Ones, appear in the worlds only for one great purpose.

“Śāriputra! What is the one great purpose for which the Buddhas, the World-Honored Ones, appear in the worlds? The Buddhas, the World-Honored Ones, appear in the worlds in order to cause all living beings to open [the gate to] the insight of the Buddha, and to cause them to purify themselves. They appear in the worlds in order to show the insight of the Buddha to all living beings. They appear in the worlds in order to cause all living beings to obtain the insight of the Buddha. They appear in the worlds in order to cause all living beings to enter the Way to the insight of the Buddha. Śāriputra! This is the one great purpose for which the Buddhas appear in the worlds.”

“The Buddha said to Śāriputra:

“The Buddhas, the Tathāgatas, teach only Bodhisattvas. All they do is for one purpose, that is, to show the insight of the Buddha to all living beings, to cause them to obtain the insight of the Buddha.”

We are not asked to sit idly and intellectualize the meaning of the teaching of the Buddha. No, the Buddha seeks to cause us to act.

“The Tathāgatas save all living beings
With innumerable expedients.
They cause all living beings to enter the Way
To the wisdom-without-āsravas of the Buddha.
Anyone who hears the Dharma
Will not fail to become a Buddha.

“Every Buddha vows at the outset:
‘I will cause all living beings
To attain the same enlightenment
That I attained.’ ”

Our role is to gather enough faith to step through the gate of the Buddha’s wisdom and with each subsequent step to advance along the path the Buddha has laid before us – to enter the Way to the same enlightenment.

As I wrote back in 2015, “Eliminating suffering in my life by awakening my inherent enlightenment is the reason for chanting, not getting stuff.”


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