Category Archives: Blog

LS45, Hsuan Hua, Hsuan Hua Lotus Sutra Commentary, LS32, Blog

The Wonderful Dharma Lotus Sūtra

BTTS Lotus Sutra
Available from Buddhist Text Translation Society

Beginning today I’m using a new translation of the Lotus Sūtra for my daily practice.

The Wonderful Dharma Lotus Sūtra was published in 2020 by the Buddhist Text Translation Society. The sūtra itself is volume 15 of a commentary on the Lotus Sūtra given by Hsuan Hua in San Francisco in a series of almost daily lectures between November 1968 and November 1970.

This elegant softcover edition, which was printed in Taiwan, has a gatefold cover. The front gatefold offers:

The Wonderful Dharma Lotus Sūtra (Sanskrit: Saddharma-puṇḍarīka Sūtra) presents the One Buddha Vehicle as Śākyamuni Buddha’s ultimate teaching and a unifying path that embraces and reconciles the variety of Buddhist doctrines as well as the provisional teachings of the Three Vehicles. Provisional and ultimate are shown to be nondual, and their nonduality epitomizes “the essence of things as they really are.” The sūtra also emphasizes that the potential for awakening is ever-present in sentient beings and declares that all of them will one day realize Buddhahood. Famous for its parables, the Lotus Sūtra demonstrates the countless skillful means (upāya) that Buddhas use to lead living beings to liberation.

The Buddhist Text Translation Society, the Dharma Realm Buddhist University and the Dharma Realm Buddhist Association hold the copyright for this translation.

The back cover gatefold offers this on the Dharma Realm Buddhist Association:

The Dharma Realm Buddhist Association (formerly the Sino-American Buddhist Association) was founded in 1959 by the Venerable Master Hsuan Hua in the hopes of making the Buddha’s genuine teachings available throughout the world. To this end, it is committed to the translation and propagation of the Buddhist canon, the promotion of ethical and moral education, and the benefit of all living beings. For more information, please visit www.drba.org.

The back cover gatefold also offers this brief biography for Hsuan Hua:

Even as a child, the Venerable Master Hsuan Hua was a diligent cultivator, bowing to the Buddhas, his parents, and many other beings first thing in the morning and last thing at night. When his mother died, he sat by her grave for three years as an observance of filial respect. After that he left the home life under Venerable Master Changzhi and later received the transmission of the Weiyang Chan lineage from Venerable Master Hsu Yun (Xuyun), becoming its ninth patriarch. He went to Hong Kong in 1949 to propagate the Dharma there, and in 1962 brought the Buddha’s teaching to America, where he established the Dharma Realm Buddhist Association, the Buddhist Text Translation Society, the International Translation Institute, the City of Ten Thousand Buddhas and many branch monasteries, and various educational institutes including Dharma Realm Buddhist University, Developing Virtue Secondary School, and Instilling Goodness Elementary School.

It is worth noting that while Hsuan Hua was a patriarch of the Weiyang Chan lineage, he did not limit himself strictly to chan teachings.

Buddhism: A Brief Introduction
Available Free (plus shipping cost) from the Buddhist Text Translation Society

In Buddhism: A Brief Introduction, a book “Based on the Compassionate Teachings of the Venerable Tripitaka master Hsuan Huan,” Chan is described as having four distinguishing characteristics:

  1. It is not established by words,
  2. It is a special transmission outside the teachings,
  3. It directly points to the human mind,
  4. Through it, one sees one’s own nature and becomes a Buddha.

Chan is transmitted directly from one mind to another mind. Its teaching simply directs the individual to see one’s own inherent, true mind, referred to as “seeing the nature and returning to the source.” That is, the enlightened teacher, profoundly aware of the mind of his student, certifies that the student’s mind is indeed truly “awakened”. This is a direct certification, mind to mind, that can only be done by a Sage.

Buddhism: A Brief Introduction, p89-90

However, the Buddhism that Hsuan Hua brought to America was much more. His Buddhism incorporates the Vinaya School of the Theravada tradition, the “Secret School” – esoteric teaching of mantras – and what is described as “The Teaching (Scholastic) School.”

As explained in Buddhism: A Brief Introduction:

The Chan School exclusively investigates Chan (Dhyana or Zen) meditation. The Teaching School emphasizes scholastic inquiry, exegesis, lecturing sūtras and interpreting and expounding Dharma. The Vinaya School focuses on questions of ethics and cultivating moral self-discipline. Vinaya students strive to be “awesome, majestic, and pure in Vinaya, great models for the three realms of existence”. Then there is the Secret School. “Secret” means “no mutual knowing”. And finally, the Pure Land School teaches the exclusive mindfulness and recitation of “Na Mo A Mi To Fo” (‘Homage to Amitabha Buddha’) the “Vast Six Character Name”.

Some people say that Chan School is the highest of the five. Others claim that the Teaching School, or the Vinaya School, is highest. Cultivators of the Secret School say “The Secret School is supreme.” Practitioners of the Pure Land Dharma-door say, “The Pure Land Dharma door is first, it is superior.” Actually, all Dharmas are equal; there is no high or low. “Highest” is everyone’s own personal opinion; whatever school you like, you claim to be the highest.

Buddhism: A Brief Introduction, p117-118

For my purposes as a follower of Nichiren and his view of the primacy of the Lotus Sūtra and the efficacy of chanting the Daimoku, my favorite is, of course, the Teaching School. It is this aspect of Hsuan Hua’s Buddhism that has brought about this new translation of the sūtra and fourteen volumes of commentary of the The Wonderful Dharma Lotus Sūtra.

LS45, LS32, Blog

Reciting the Lotus Sutra in Shindoku

View of altar with Shindoku sutra and recording in foreground
The Shindoku version of the Lotus Sutra and my phone displaying the shindoku recordings in front of my altar.

Today I began my monthlong recitation of the Lotus Sutra in shindoku. In my morning service, I play the recording for the chapter found here on my phone and follow along in the Nichiren Buddhist Sangha of Greater New England’s Myoho Renge Kyo Romanized.

For the 10 previous years, I recited a portion of the Lotus Sutra in the morning and then read aloud the same section of the sutra in English in the evening. That was my 32 Days of the Lotus Sutra practice. This year I decided to recite an entire chapter of the sutra in shindoku each day for the 28 days of February.

I will continue my 45-day cycle of reading aloud the Lotus Sutra in English in the evening.

Promises, BuddhismInPractice, Blog

Two Tongues in the Ashes

When I was selecting examples of Miraculous Tales from The Dainihonkoku Hokekyō of Priest Chingen, I deliberately excluded the tales of self-immolation. After reading Thich Nhat Hanh’s Peaceful Action, Open Heart and his recollection of Thich Quang Duc, the first monk to immolate himself in the 1960s to protest Vietnam’s anti-Buddhist laws, I changed my attitude about such stories. I’ve decided to include one example of pious self-immolation from Daniel B. Stevenson’s “Tales of the Lotus Sutra.”

In Jingzhou there lived two bhikṣunīs who were sisters. Their names have been forgotten, but they both recited the Lotus Sūtra, held a deep loathing for the physical body, and together conceived the desire to give up their lives [in offering to the dharma]. [To this end,] they set restrictions on clothing and diet and prescribed for themselves a regimen of painful austerities. They ingested various perfumed oils and gradually reduced their intake of coarse rice, until they gave up grains altogether and took only fragrant honey. [Even then,] their energy and spiritual determination remained as vigorous and fresh as ever. They announced [widely] to the monks and laity [around them] that at an appointed time in the future they would immolate themselves.

On the evening of the eighth day of the second month during the third year of the Zhenguan era [629], they set up two high seats in the middle of one of the large boulevards of Jingzhou. Then they wrapped their bodies from head to foot in waxed cloth, leaving only their faces exposed. The crowds gathered like a mountain; their songs of praise filled the air like clouds. The two women together began to chant the Lotus Sūtra. When they reached the “Medicine King” (Bhaiṣajyarāja) chapter, the older sister first ignited the head of the younger sister, and the younger in turn lit the head of the older sister. Simultaneously the two blazed up, like two torches in the clear night. As the flames crept down over their eyes, the sound of their voices became even more distinct. But, as it gradually arrived at their noses and mouths, they grew quiet [and their voices were heard no more]. [They remained seated upright] until dawn, linked together on their two seats. Then, all at once, the fire gave out. [As the smoke and flame cleared,] there amidst their charred and desiccated bones lay two tongues, both perfectly intact. The crowd gasped in awe. [A short time later] a tall stūpa was constructed for them.

Buddhism in Practice, p434
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Tales of the Lotus Sutra

buddhism-in-practice-bookcover
This is the unabridged edition published in 1995, not the abridged edition published in 2007

In 1995, Princeton University Press published an anthology devoted to Buddhism in Practice as part of the university’s Princeton Readings in Religions. Donald S. Lopez Jr. edited the volume. Included in the anthology is Daniel B. Stevenson’s “Tales of the Lotus Sutra.”

Stevenson’s article offers translations of several stories from the Tang-dynasty tales of devotion to the Lotus Sutra known as Hongzan fahua zhuan, or Accounts in Dissemination and Praise of the Lotus.

The Hongzan fahua zhuan belongs to a genre of Chinese Buddhist writing known as the “record of miraculous response,” or “miracle tale,” for short. The Buddhist miracle tale originated during the early medieval period, taking as its model two related narrative forms of indigenous origin that enjoyed widespread popularity at that time: the Chinese “tale of the strange or extraordinary” and the tradition of the exemplary biography inspired by the Chinese dynastic histories. The Buddhist miracle tale probably stands closest in spirit to the exemplary biography. Like the latter, the miracle tale was (and continues to be) circulated primarily for reasons of spiritual edification. Behind the marvels that it recounts there lurks an ever-present injunction to faith and piety. …

Of the miracle tales as a whole, we know that some were gathered locally from oral tradition. We know that they were selected, reworked, and disseminated by literate lay and monastic figures, some of whom were quite eminent. We also know that many of these same tales were told time and again, sometimes at formal ritual gatherings before audiences containing persons of every ilk—mendicants and laypersons, educated and uneducated. On this basis the miracle tale can be understood as “popular” in the sense of anonymous and generic—a body of literature that reflects religious motifs which are universal to Buddhist monastic and lay life rather than the province of one particular sector or stratum.

The Hongzan fahua zhuan organizes its contents according to eight categories of cultic activity: drawings and likenesses produced on the basis of the Lotus, translation of the Lotus, exegesis, cultivation of meditative discernment (based on the Lotus), casting away the body (in offering to the Lotus), recitation of the scripture (from memory), cyclic reading of the sūtra, and copying the sūtra by hand. Individual entries are, in turn, arranged in chronological sequence according to dynastic period.

Four of the topical sections of the Hongzan fahua zhuan—exegesis or preaching of the Lotus, recitation from memory, reading, and copying the Lotus—find an immediate counterpart in the famous “five practices” of receiving and keeping, reading, reciting, copying, and explicating the Lotus Sūtra described in the “Preachers of Dharma” chapter of the sūtra and articulated by exegetes such as the Tiantai master Zhiyi. Section 5 of the Hongzan fahua zhuan, on “casting away the body,” contains biographies of devotees who ritually burned themselves alive in imitation of the bodhisattva Medicine King’s self-immolation in offering to the dharma in chapter 23 of the Lotus. Various subsidiary themes of cultic and ritual activity that recur throughout the tales of the Hongzan fahua zhuan can likewise be traced to these chapters. One topic that is conspicuously absent from the Hongzan fahua zhuan is the cult of Guanyin.

Buddhism in Practice, p427-428

The Hongzan fahua zhuan is a precursor of the miraculous stories told in Japan. See Miraculous Stories from the Japanese Buddhist Tradition and Miraculous Tales of the Lotus Sutra from Ancient Japan.

Starting tomorrow, I will publish one of these stories on the first Monday of each month as part of my 2025 collection of promises contained in the Lotus Sutra.

Promises, Blog

FAQ: The Lotus Sutra and the Daimoku

After gathering the promises of the Lotus Sutra and Nichiren’s encouragement so that I could publish a daily promise here, I took that content and submitted it to Google’s NotebookLM, an AI assistant that analyzes texts and answers questions based on the content of those texts.

Here’s the Frequently Asked Questions generated by NotebookLM’s AI assistant based on those promises.

What is the significance of the daimoku, “Namu-myoho-renge-kyo,” in relation to the Lotus Sutra?
The daimoku encapsulates the essence of the entire Lotus Sutra. Just as the name “Japan” represents all its provinces, people, and resources, the daimoku embodies the entirety of the sutra’s teachings. It signifies the principle of “3,000 existences in one thought,” meaning that all phenomena, from hell to Buddhahood, are interconnected and inherently possess the potential for enlightenment. Chanting the daimoku allows individuals to tap into this potential and manifest their Buddhahood.
Why is chanting the daimoku considered more important than contemplating the “3,000 existences in one thought”?
While contemplating the “3,000 existences” is valuable, Nichiren emphasizes the power of chanting the daimoku as a direct path to Buddhahood. Just as a lotus flower blossoms in response to sunlight, chanting the daimoku provides the necessary life force for spiritual growth and transformation. The daimoku is considered the “actual” doctrine of “3,000 existences in one thought,” making it the most effective practice for the Latter Day of the Law.
What is the meaning of “Myoho-Renge-Kyo”?
“Myoho-Renge-Kyo” is the Japanese pronunciation of the Chinese title of the Lotus Sutra, meaning “The Sutra of the Lotus Flower of the Wonderful Dharma.”

  • Myoho represents the Mystic Law, the underlying principle of the universe that governs life and death, cause and effect. It signifies the interconnectedness of all things and the potential for Buddhahood inherent in all beings.
  • Renge refers to the lotus flower, a symbol of purity and enlightenment. The lotus blooms in muddy water, demonstrating that enlightenment can emerge from the challenges of daily life.
  • Kyo means sutra, the teachings of the Buddha.

Together, the five characters encapsulate the profound teachings of the Lotus Sutra, which reveal the path to enlightenment for all people.

What are the benefits of chanting the daimoku?

Chanting the daimoku offers numerous benefits, including:

  • Purification of karma: The daimoku is compared to a rhinoceros horn or sandalwood leaf that repels negativity and purifies one’s karma.
  • Protection and support: Chanting invokes the protection of the Buddhas and protective forces.
  • Spiritual awakening: It cultivates wisdom, compassion, and courage.
  • Attainment of Buddhahood: The Lotus Sutra states that anyone who chants “Namu-myoho-renge-kyo” even once will eventually attain Buddhahood.
Can anyone chant the daimoku and receive benefits?
Yes, the Lotus Sutra emphasizes that the path to Buddhahood is open to all people, regardless of gender, social status, or past actions. Even those traditionally considered incapable of attaining enlightenment, such as women and those who have committed grave offenses, are embraced by the Lotus Sutra’s teachings and can achieve Buddhahood through chanting the daimoku.
Is it necessary to chant the entire Lotus Sutra to receive benefits?
No, the Lotus Sutra states that even chanting one phrase, one sentence, or even one character of the sutra holds immense merit. Chanting the daimoku is considered the most direct way to access the sutra’s power and benefits in the Latter Day of the Law.
What is the difference between the theoretical and essential teachings of the Lotus Sutra?
The theoretical teachings, found in the first fourteen chapters, focus on the concept of “3,000 existences in one thought” from a philosophical perspective. The essential teachings, revealed in the latter fourteen chapters, reveal the Buddha’s true identity as the Eternal Buddha and emphasize the practical application of “3,000 existences in one thought” through chanting the daimoku. Nichiren bases his teachings on the essential doctrine, considering it the most relevant and powerful for achieving Buddhahood in the present age.
How does the Lotus Sutra differ from other Buddhist teachings?
The Lotus Sutra is considered the culmination of the Buddha’s teachings. While other sutras teach different paths to enlightenment based on individual capacity, the Lotus Sutra reveals the One Buddha Vehicle, asserting that everyone can attain Buddhahood. It surpasses previous teachings by emphasizing the possibility of achieving enlightenment in this lifetime and revealing the inherent Buddha nature within all beings.
Promises, Blog

An Apology for My Arrogance

Yesterday I wrote about harvesting the promises found in the Lotus Sutra for my yearlong daily Myōhō Renge Kyō Promise project. In that blog post I slighted Kannon Bodhisattva (World-Voice-Perceiver) and suggested some promises contained in the Lotus Sutra were less valuable than others.

I considered just deleting those arrogant portions of the post but decided I needed to confess and to apologize.

The Lotus Sutra has been attacked as a work whose “purpose is wholly to attract stupid lay people.” In particular, the critics pointed to Chapters 19, The Merits of the Teacher of the Dharma, and Chapter 25, The Universal Gate of World-Voice-Perceiver Bodhisattva.

In excluding Kannon Bodhisattva and large portions of Chapter 19’s promised merits from my project, I sought to show that even without those parts, the Lotus Sutra is full of wonderful promises that illustrate why Myōhō Renge Kyō is considered the Buddha’s highest teaching.

Not only was I arrogant, but I was the very definition of hypocritical – suggesting one has higher standards or more noble beliefs than is the case.

Each month, when my daily reading of the Lotus Sutra gets to Chapter 25, I face my Kannon Bodhisattva statue, light additional incense as an offering to the Bodhisattva, and focus on the benefits of calling the name of World-Voice-Perceiver Bodhisattva as I read aloud.

My altar is crowded with protective amulets and statues of protective deities. My practice is the epitome of “inferior, shallow stuff, best laughed at, for alluring stupid men and women.”

“I’m with stupid,” I want to shout. I am proud to say I prefer “inferior, shallow stuff.”

the side altar
The corner next to my altar contains a statue of Kannon Bodhisattva, a wooden Jizo Bodhisattva, the Seven Happy Gods, the Shichi-fuku-jin, statues representing the Buddhas of Śākyamuni’s replicas and a host of statues representing the God of Happiness and Abundance, Hotei.
I periodically consider starting over and eliminating the clutter that I have deliberately added to my altar in my search for protection and benefit. For a history of the transformation of my altar see 2000 Days Later
Promises, Blog

About Those Empty, Vulgar Promises

Having scheduled a year’s worth of praise and promises from the Lotus Sutra on this website, I need to address the criticism of that same praise and those lofty promises that were detailed in Yoshiro Tamura’s “Introduction to the Lotus Sutra.”

Evaluations of the Lotus Sutra have traditionally run to the two extremes. In this respect, too, the sutra is indeed a wonder. First of all, one of the most severe criticisms of the sutra is the idea that it has no content. In chapter 25 of Emerging from Meditation, Nakamoto Tominaga comments that “the Lotus Sutra praises the Buddha from beginning to end but does not have any real sutra teaching at all, and therefore should not have been called a sutra teaching from the beginning.”

Yoshiro Tamura, "Introduction to the Lotus Sutra", p59

This is not new. I’ve already addressed this “emptiness” of the Lotus Sutra in the past. One can argue that it is deliberate.

In the Profound Meaning of the Lotus Sutra, Chih-i portrays the Ultimate Truth by equating it with empty space in a house:

Empty space in a house has neither roof beams nor pillars. The substance of a house, empty space, thus represents the Ultimate Truth. On the other hand, the roof beams and pillars are taken to analogize the cause and effect of Buddhahood. This is because if a house has no void, it cannot contain and receive anything. If the cause and effect of Buddhahood are not based on the Ultimate Truth as substance, they cannot sustain themselves. Thus, Chih-i holds that it is necessary to single out the correct substance that consists of only one empty space, upon which everything is able to function. (Vol. 2, Page 407-408)

The Profound Meaning of the Lotus Sutra: Tien-tai Philosophy of Buddhism


The Lotus Sutra is, in effect, a blueprint for assembling all of the Buddha’s expedient teachings. Those roof beams and pillars form the house with empty rooms in which to practice. The emptiness essential to the function of the house is a function of the teaching of the Lotus Sutra.

More recently I published Taigen Dan Leighton discussion of the supposed shortfalls of the Lotus Sutra. In “Visions of Awakening Space and Time: Dōgen and the Lotus Sutra,” Taigen Dan Leighton lists these criticisms and then demolishes them.

The text does refer, in third person, to a designated text that one might keep vainly waiting for, as if for Godot.

However, this perspective misses the manner in which the Lotus sermon certainly does exist. Fundamental messages of the Lotus, such as the One Vehicle and the primacy of the Buddha vehicle, are difficult to miss, even if they might be interpreted in various ways. Furthermore, between the lines the Lotus Sutra functions within itself both as a sacred text or scripture and as a commentary and guidebook to its own use, beyond the literal confines of its own written text. The Lotus Sutra is itself a sacred manifestation of spiritual awakening that proclaims its own sacrality. Right within the text’s proclamation of the wonders of a text with the same name as itself, the text celebrates its own ephemeral quality with the visionary splendors of its assembly of buddhas, bodhisattvas, and spirits, and with the engaging qualities of its parables.

The synthesis of the immanent spirit spoken about in the text and the text’s own intended functioning as an instrument or skillful catalyst to spark awakening has been carried on among its followers.

Dōgen and the Lotus Sutra, p23-24

I should also address whether my entire “promise” project is just another example of how the Lotus Sutra is “merely a vulgar work meant to attract stupid men and women.” That was Tenyu Hattori’s criticism of the entire Lotus Sutra. Tenyu Hattori (1724–69) was a Confucian scholar in Japan who wrote Nakedness, a book that criticized Buddhism.

In Yoshiro Tamura’s “Introduction to the Lotus Sutra,” he discusses Hattori’s criticism:

There are many places in the section of the Lotus Sutra that is considered to have come third historically that emphasize the benefits to be obtained in this life, such as the wonderful powers of faith, overcoming suffering, and having good fortune. And generally speaking, in later times devotion to the Lotus Sutra became mainstream as a result of these chapters. This is why such criticisms arose. As we have already seen, the third part of the sutra was added in order to respond to the magical and esoteric Buddhist and folk religions of India. It adds to and supplements the earlier parts of the sutra and, if taken in a positive way, can be its applied part. It is not appropriate to characterize the whole sutra in that way by emphasizing the third part, though historically admiration for the Lotus Sutra in China and Japan generally rested on that part, so, in one sense, we can understand why there were such criticisms.

Yoshiro Tamura, "Introduction to the Lotus Sutra", p61

Perhaps I am stupid. I would even confess to being vulgar in the sense of lacking sophistication. But I enjoyed putting together my eight months of daily promises from the Lotus Sutra and an additional four months of encouragement from Nichiren’s writings. I’m looking forward to reading these promises each morning.

Next: FAQ: The Lotus Sutra and the Daimoku

See The Next 10 Years

See Harvesting the Promises of Myōhō Renge Kyō

Promises, Blog

Harvesting the Promises of Myōhō Renge Kyō

Please see An Apology for My Arrogance

My effort to replace references to the Lotus Sūtra with Myōhō Renge Kyō while extracting the promises of the sūtra was not as straightforward as I had expected.

Myōhō Renge Kyō is the title of the sūtra but that title is more than just the name of the sūtra.

In Chapter 2, Expedients, for example, the Buddha promises that his true teaching is the One Vehicle. That One Vehicle is Myōhō Renge Kyō.

For my Daily Promises this original quote:

There is only one teaching, that is, the One Vehicle
In the Buddha-worlds of the ten quarters.
There is not a second or a third vehicle
Except when the Buddhas teach expediently.

The Buddhas lead all Living beings
By tentative names [of vehicles]
In order to expound their wisdom.
They appear in the worlds
Only for the One Vehicle.

Becomes:

There is only one teaching, that is, Myōhō Renge Kyō
In the Buddha-worlds of the ten quarters.
There is not a second or a third vehicle
Except when the Buddhas teach expediently.

The Buddhas lead all Living beings
By tentative names [of vehicles]
In order to expound their wisdom.
They appear in the worlds
Only for Myōhō Renge Kyō.

This change is supported by other Nichiren Shu sources. For example,
in the traditional service Invocation the sutra is equated with the One Vehicle:

Honor be the Sutra of the Lotus Flower of the
Wonderful Dharma,
The Teaching of Equality, The Great Wisdom,
The One Vehicle.

The “Dharma” is also Myōhō Renge Kyō.

The concluding stanza of Chapter 2, Expedients:

Those who do not study the Dharma
Cannot understand it.
You have already realized
The fact that the Buddhas, the World-Teachers, employ expedients,
According to the capacities of all living beings.
Know that, when you remove your doubts,
And when you have great joy,
You will become Buddhas!

Becomes:

Those who do not study Myōhō Renge Kyō
Cannot understand Myōhō Renge Kyō.
You have already realized
The fact that the Buddhas, the World-Teachers, employ expedients,
According to the capacities of all living beings.
Know that, when you remove your doubts,
And when you have great joy,
You will become Buddhas!

A footnote in Senchu Murano’s translation of the Lotus Sutra supports this interpretation.

In Chapter 26, Dhārānis, Medicine-King Bodhisattva said to the Buddha, “World-Honored One! Now I will give dhārāni spells to the expounder of the Dharma in order to protect him.” Murano’s note: ” ‘The Dharma’ means the Sutra of the Lotus Flower of the Wonderful Dharma.”

For my purposes I’ve expanded “promises” to include those declarations underlining the importance of Myōhō Renge Kyō in Chapter 11, Beholding the Stūpa of Treasures; Chapter 12, Devadatta; Chapter 13, Encouragement for Keeping this Sutra; and Chapter 20, Never-Despising Bodhisattva.

For example from Chapter 11:

(The Buddha said to the great multitude.)
Who will protect
And keep Myōhō Renge Kyō,
And read and recite Myōhō Renge Kyō
After my extinction?
Make a vow before me to do this!

Or Chapter 12:

Thereupon the Buddha said to the Bodhisattvas, gods, men and the four kinds of devotees: “When I was a Bodhisattva] in my previous existence, I sought Myōhō Renge Kyō for innumerable kalpas without indolence. I became a king [and continued to be so] for many kalpas. [Although I was a king,] I made a vow to attain unsurpassed Bodhi. I never faltered in seeking it. I practiced alms-giving in order to complete the six pāramitās. I never grudged elephants, horses, the seven treasures, countries, cities, wives, children, menservants, maidservants or attendants. I did not spare my head, eyes, marrow, brain, flesh, hands or feet. I did not spare even my life.”

The more recognizable promises appear in Chapter 10, The Teacher of the Dharma:

If after my extinction anyone rejoices, even on a moment’s thought, at hearing even a gāthā or a phrase of Myōhō Renge Kyō, I also will assure him of his future attainment of Anuttara-samyak-saṃbodhi.

And in Chapter 23, The Previous Life of Medicine-King Bodhisattva:

[T]he merits to be given to the person who fills the one thousand million Sumeru-worlds with the seven treasures and offers that amount of the seven treasures to the Buddhas, to the Great Bodhisattvas, to the Pratyekabuddhas, and to the Arhats, are less than the merits to be given to the person who keeps even a single gāthā of four lines of Myōhō Renge Kyō.

Of the 28 chapters, there were seven from which I didn’t extract any promises. Chapter 5, The Simile of Herbs; Chapter 6, Assurance of Future Buddhahood; Chapter 8, The Assurance of Future Buddhahood of the Five Hundred Disciples; Chapter 9, The Assurance of Future Buddhahood of the Śrāvakas Who Have Something More to Learn and the Śrāvakas Who Have Nothing More to Learn; Chapter 15, The Appearance of Bodhisattvas from Underground; Chapter 16, The Duration of the Life of the Tathāgata; and Chapter 27, King Wonderful-Adornment as the Previous Life of a Bodhisattva.

I confess that I chose to limit the number of promises from the one chapter that is nothing but promises.  Chapter 19, The Merits of the Teacher of the Dharma, promises purification of the six sense organs and supernatural powers to those who preach Myōhō Renge Kyō.

For example, I chose to skip these promises:

He will be able to know by smell
Whether an unborn child is a boy or a girl,
Or a child of ambiguous sex,
Or the embryo of a nonhuman being.

He will be able to know by smell
Whether a woman is an expectant mother,
Or whether she will give an easy birth
To a happy child or not.

He will be able to know by smell
What a man or a woman is thinking of,
Or whether he or she is greedy, ignorant or angry,
Or whether he or she is doing good.

He will be able to recognize by smell
The gold, silver, and other treasures
Deposited underground,
And the things enclosed in a copper box.

He will be able to know by smell
The values of various necklaces,
And the deposits of their materials,
And also to locate the necklaces [when they are lost].

The final promises I’ve collected fill every day from January 1 to August 31. I begin with Mañjuśrī’s promise:

The Buddha will remove
Any doubt of those who seek
The teaching of the Three Vehicles.
No question will be left unresolved.

And I conclude with this quote from Chapter 22: Transmission:

In the future, when you see good men or women who believe in the wisdom of the Tathāgata, you should expound Myōhō Renge Kyō to them, and cause them to hear and know Myōhō Renge Kyō so that they may be able to obtain the wisdom of the Buddha. When you see anyone who does not receive Myōhō Renge Kyō by faith, you should show him some other profound teachings of mine, teach him, benefit him, and cause him to rejoice. When you do all this, you will be able to repay the favors given to you by the Buddhas.”

Having heard these words of the Buddha, the Bodhisattva-mahāsattvas were filled with great joy. With more respect than ever, they bent forward, bowed, joined their hands together towards him, and said simultaneously. “We will do as you command. Certainly, World-Honored One! Do not worry!”

From September 1 through the end of the year I have chosen quotes from Nichiren’s writings that speak to the promise of Myōhō Renge Kyō.

Finally, I should note that I excluded Chapter 25, The Universal Gate of World-Voice-Perceiver Bodhisattva, from this project. The chapter is full of promises, but these are promises about World-Voice-Perceiver and his vow to protect those who call his name. Unlike Wonderful Voice Bodhisattva, who transforms himself into various living beings and expounds Myōhō Renge Kyō to others, World-Voice-Perceiver expounds an expedient Dharma to those who are to be saved. His protection is independent and disconnected from the promises of Myōhō Renge Kyō.

Next: About Those Empty, Vulgar Promises

Previous: The Next 10 Years

Promises, Daily Dharma, Blog

The Next 10 Years

Ryusho Jeffus Shonin inspired my efforts here back in 2015. In his book, “The Magic City: Studying the Lotus Sutra,” Ryusho relates the Parable of the Magic City” in Chapter 7 to our personal practice.

To reach the place of treasure requires traveling a dangerous, bad road five hundred yojanas long. As Ryusho explains: “Yojana is both a measurement of distance as well as time. Simply stated, a yojana is the distance an ox-cart can travel in one day.”

He asks his readers: “I wonder what you could accomplish in your life if you made a commitment from today for 500 days to practice on a regular consistent basis towards the achievement of some change in your life? Would you be able to travel the entire 500 days without giving up or abandoning or forgetting your goal and effort?”

But, really, 500 days is not long. Soon after I started this website, Ryusho suggested a 10-year timeframe would be more useful for judging the merits of the practice of Nichiren Buddhism.

And here I am today, having completed ten years on this journey.

Now I start the next 10 years.

Back in 2022 during my 800 Years of Faith Project, I wrote:

Each time as I cycle through the 32 Days of the Lotus Sutra (which, of course, is actually 34 days with the addition the Sutra of Innumerable Meanings and the Contemplation of Universal Sage) I am struck by the promises offered to everyone. This is especially true in Chapter 2.

“Any Śrāvaka or Bodhisattva
Who hears even a gāthā
Of this sūtra which I am to expound
Will undoubtedly become a Buddha.”

I believe it is these promises that have made the Lotus Sutra so important in Asia and why it translates so well as it is introduced to new readers. How can we not have faith?

At the start of last year, I proposed creating a 365-day collection of those promises contained in the Lotus Sutra. Today I’ll start posting them. These will replace my reprinting of Shinkyo Warner Shonin’s Daily Dharma.

However, I have added a twist. I am replacing references to the Lotus Sutra, this Sutra, the Wonderful Dharma, etc. with Myōhō Renge Kyō.

For example the verse above from Chapter 2 becomes:

“Any Śrāvaka or Bodhisattva
Who hears even a gāthā
Of Myōhō Renge Kyō which I am to expound
Will undoubtedly become a Buddha.”

I am doing this throughout my daily practice.

Here’s the transformed Kaikyoge:

Verses for Opening Myōhō Renge Kyō

The most profound and wonderful teaching
is presented in Myōhō Renge Kyō.
Myōhō Renge Kyō is difficult to meet
Even once in thousands and millions of aeons.
Now we have been able to see,
hear, receive and keep Myōhō Renge Kyō.
May we understand the most excellent teaching of the Tathagata!
The most excellent teaching of Myōhō Renge Kyō is very difficult for us to understand.
We shall be able to approach enlightenment
when we see, hear, or touch Myōhō Renge Kyō.
Expounded is the Buddha’s truth.
Expounding is the Buddha’s essence.
The letters composing Myōhō Renge Kyō
are the Buddha’s manifestation.

Just as perfume is caught by something put nearby,
so shall we be richly benefited by Myōhō Renge Kyō,
even when we are not aware of being so benefited,
because infinite merits are accumulated in Myōhō Renge Kyō.

Anyone can expiate his past transgressions,
do good deeds,
and attain Buddhahood by the merits of Myōhō Renge Kyō.
It does not matter whether he is wise or not,
or whether he believes Myōhō Renge Kyō or rejects it.

Myōhō Renge Kyō is the most wonderful and
most excellent taught by the Buddhas
of the past, present, and future.
May we meet and receive it,
Birth after birth, world after world!

Why insert Myōhō Renge Kyō? For me, this emphasizes that the Odaimoku is the principal practice of Nichiren Buddhism. Studying of the Lotus Sutra and the other teachings of the Buddha are only spices flavoring the meal of the Daimoku.

In Shishin Gohon-shō, The Four Depths of Faith and Five Stages of Practice, Nichiren writes:

The five characters of Myō, Hō, Ren, Ge, and Kyō are not the text of the sūtra nor a mere explanation; rather, they are the sole intent of the whole sūtra. Beginners may practice this without knowing the heart (of the Lotus Sūtra), but their practice will naturally harmonize with its intention.

After 10 years of personally studying and exploring the teachings of the Buddha, I want to emphasize that Myōhō Renge Kyō remains my focus.

Next: Harvesting the promises of Myōhō Renge Kyō

Blog

Edward Conze’s View of Nichiren

Before the year ends I want to put this topic to rest.

While wandering through used bookstores during a visit to Rochester, New York, this year I purchased a copy of Edward Conze’s “Buddhism; It’s Essence and Development.” The book I picked up was published by the Philosophical Library of New York.

In my readings on Buddhism Conze’s name has come up often in the footnotes, a source of information other authors relied on. What sort of information?

Consider this from page 206:

It is customary to reckon the sect of Nichiren (1222-1282) as one of the schools of Amidism. It would be more appropriate to count it among the offshoots of nationalistic Shintoism. Nichiren suffered from self-assertiveness and bad temper, and he manifested a degree of personal and tribal egotism which disqualify him as a Buddhist teacher. He did not only convince himself that he, personally, was mentioned in the Lotus of the Good Law, but also that the Japanese were the chosen race which would regenerate the world. The followers of the Nichiren sect, as Suzuki puts it: even now are more or less militaristic and do not mix well with other Buddhists.”

Let’s break this down:

  1. It is customary to reckon the sect of Nichiren (1222-1282) as one of the schools of Amidism.
  2. more appropriate to count [Nichiren Buddhism] among the offshoots of nationalistic Shintoism
  3. Nichiren suffered from self-assertiveness and bad temper, and he manifested a degree of personal and tribal egotism which disqualify him as a Buddhist teacher.
  4. He did not only convince himself that he, personally, was mentioned in the Lotus of the Good Law, but also that the Japanese were the chosen race which would regenerate the world.
  5. The followers of the Nichiren sect, as Suzuki puts it: even now are more or less militaristic and do not mix well with other Buddhists.”

None of this is excusable for a man who is described as a scholar, but perhaps we can at least offer the suggestion that his view of Nichiren was influenced by his times.

According to Conze’s “Author’s Note,” he gave a series of lectures on Buddhism at Oxford’s St. Peter’s Hall in the early 1940s. In 1948 he was encouraged to create “a work covering the whole range of Buddhist thought.” The first edition of his book was published in 1951.

The Buddhism of Nichiren was very different in the years immediately before and during World War II, when Chigaku Tanaka’s influence held sway.

As Edwin B. Lee explains, Tanaka synthesized Nichiren Buddhist doctrines with Shinto traditions to create a unique form of Japanese nationalism, “Nichirenism,” which intertwined religious and political goals.

This is not unlike Junjiro Takakusu’s unkind view of Nichiren, which was also the product of the pre-war Japan.

Like Takakusu, Conze takes Nichiren’s assertiveness in declaring the supremacy of the Lotus Sutra as “bad tempered.” I disagree and we’ll just have to leave it at that.

One assumes Conze’s statement that Nichiren convinced himself that “he, personally, was mentioned in the Lotus of the Good Law” is a reference to Bodhisattva Jōgyō, Superior Practice, one of the four leaders of the Bodhisattvas who emerged from underground in Chapter 15 of the Lotus Sutra and who is given the task of spreading the sutra in the latter days of the law. Nichiren wondered if he were Bodhisattva Jōgyō. Many of Nichiren’s followers today assume he was. But whether or not he was, that was not a primary feature of Nichiren’s teachings.

What Nichiren did recognize of himself in the Lotus Sutra was the persecutions and harassment predicted for those who attempt to spread the sutra. If Conze considers Nichiren’s view that Chapter 13, Encouragement for Keeping this Sutra, spoke to his life experience as “egotism which disqualify him as a Buddhist teacher,” then, again, I have to disagree.

Finally, there is Conze’s declaration that Nichiren taught just another form of Amidism.

Conze’s book defines Amidism as:

  • It is a kind of totalitarianism of faith in which faith is all-powerful regardless of moral conduct.
  • It is a religion accessible to everyone.
  • It rejects hardships, austerities, and even the mild asceticism of monastic life.
  • All people, good or bad, are admitted to Amitabha’s Pure Land.
  • Faith in Amitabha’s grace is the sole condition for admission to the Pure Land.
  • Amitabha is a compassionate god who, unlike the Christian God, is not a judge.

(This summary is provided by NotebookLM. A PDF of the book is available here if you want a quick AI assistant review.)

The only point of intersection between Conze’s Amidism and Nichiren’s devotion to the Lotus Sutra is that it is a religion accessible to everyone.

I am unapologetic in my admiration for Nichiren and the Lotus Sutra.

In 2025 I will underscore this by publishing daily a short example of the promise of the Lotus Sutra.

Next: The Next 10 Years.