Chu-pen Yung-chi (Abiding in the Origin and employing the Traces) is the function related to the Subtlety of the Original Nirvāṇa and the Subtlety of the Original Benefits. Speaking from the teacher’s perspective, this function is referred by Chih-i to the immovability of the Buddha at the place of the Origin, while the Traces the Buddha manifests permeate the Dharma-realm. Chih-i delineates that the Traces are not origination, and yet the Buddha manifests rebirth; the Traces are not extinction, and yet the Buddha manifests death. Thus, with the Traces, the Buddha benefits living beings. Speaking from the disciple’s perspective, “abiding in the Origin and employing the Traces” refers to the bodhisattva in the Traces that is the manifestation of the dharmakāya. With the dharma of non-abiding, the Buddha abides in the place of the Origin; with the Relative Truth and nonaction, the Buddha inexhaustibly employs the Traces to teach and transform living beings. (Vol. 2, Page 448)