Category Archives: 800years

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800 Years: Managing Expectations

Here, at this transition between The Variety of Merits chapter and The Merits of a Person Who Rejoices at Hearing this Sutra chapter, I want to address expectations. Specifically, I want to discuss the expectations we should have when we declare faith in the Lotus Sutra.

When I first chanted the Daimoku in 1989 as a member of Nichiren Shoshu of America and later Soka Gakkai, I had no idea what to expect. I simply accepted that this was a Buddhist practice, and, at the start, that was all I wanted. But it was not long before I became troubled by the singular emphasis placed on material rewards. Looking for a job? Chant. Want a new girlfriend? Chant. Need a new car? Chant. Surely there must be more to Buddhism, I thought.

Nikkyō Niwano explains the perils of such a focus in one’s practice in Buddhism for Today:

“Almost all people who enter a religious faith have some form of suffering. It is natural for them to want to free themselves from such sufferings, and they are not to be blamed for this. But when they are concerned only with the desire to recover from illness or to be blessed with money, they are merely attaching themselves to the idea of ‘disease’ or ‘poverty.’ Though they wish to rid themselves of these problems, instead they become their victims because their minds grasp the idea of illness or poverty so tightly that they cannot let go.”

Buddhism for Today, p259

Another way to look at this, is to realize that focusing on material pleasures pins one’s life in the realm of hungry spirits. There can be no lasting satisfaction when one’s focus remains on self-interest without consideration for all others. But that doesn’t mean we are without extraordinary benefits from our practice of the Lotus Sutra.

Nichiren often encouraged believers to expect practical, even supernatural, benefits from their practice. As he writes in “Kitō Shō, Treatise on Prayers”:

“And yet even though a finger might point to the great earth and miss it, a person tie up the sky, the ocean’s tide lack an ebb and flow, or if the sun should rise in the west, there cannot be a time when the prayer of a practicer of the Lotus Sūtra is not answered. If the various bodhisattvas, human and heavenly beings, eight kinds of gods and demi-gods who protect Buddhism, the two sage bodhisattvas (Medicine King and Brave Donor Bodhisattvas), two heavenly kings (Jikoku-ten and Bishamon-ten), and ten female rākṣasa demons, or even one out of 1,000, do not rush to protect practicers of the Lotus Sūtra, they commit the sin of fooling Śākyamuni and the other Buddhas above and in the nine realms below. Thus, they will protect the practicers of the Lotus Sūtra without fail regardless if the practicers are insincere, unwise, impure, and do not observe the precepts so long as they chant “Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō.”

Writings of Nichiren Shōnin, Faith and Practice, Volume 4, Page 68

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800 Years: The merits of religious practice

In discussing faith it is important to acknowledge the merits that flow to us from our practice and the impact of those merits on our lives. Thich Nhat Hanh explains it this way in Peaceful Action, Open Heart:

“Chapters 17, 18, and 19 of the Lotus Sutra all have to do with the idea of merit. The word “merit” (Sanskrit: punya), when rendered in Chinese is made up of two characters. The first character means “daily practice or daily work,” and the second means “virtuous conduct.” Merit is a kind of spiritual energy that can be accumulated when we maintain a steady practice. This energy protects us and brings us joy and insight.”

Peaceful Action, Open Heart, p121

What daily practice entails and what qualifies as virtuous conduct are as varied as those who embrace the Lotus Sutra, but Nikkyō Niwano offers this guideline in Buddhism for Today:

“In considering the merits of religious practice, we must place great importance on being upright in character and gentle in mind, as taught in chapter 16. We should focus our gaze on the Buddha alone, not worrying ourselves about divine favors in this world. We should be united with the Buddha and act obediently according to his guidance. If our actual life should consequently change for the better, that is a natural phenomenon produced because our minds and actions have been set in the direction of the truth. We should receive such phenomena gratefully and frankly.”

Buddhism for Today, p260

Whatever the practice, the merit that flows from our faith has a real, observable impact on our emotional and physical lives. This is the true measure of the depth of our faith. As Nikkyō Niwano explains in Buddhism for Today:

“The mental happiness, hope, and self-confidence of those who have attained true faith are not frothy and superficial but deep and firm-rooted in their minds. These people have calm, steadfast minds not agitated by anything – fire, water, or sword – because they maintain a mental attitude of great assurance, realizing, ‘I am always protected by the Buddha as an absolute existence; I am caused to live by the Buddha.’

“It is natural that life should change dramatically as soon as we attain such a mental state. It is impossible for our life not to change when our attitude changes. Our mental state changes because of faith, and through the change in our mind, our life changes at the same time. These are the merits of religious practice. Therefore faith is naturally associated with merits.

“The merits of religious practice appear not only in man’s mind but also in his body and his material life. Because his mind, his body, and the material things around him are composed of the same void (energy), it stands to reason that his body should change according to changes in his mind, and at the same time that the material things around him should change. It is irrational and unscientific to admit mental merits but deny physical and material ones.”

Buddhism for Today, p257-258
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800 Years: Rewards of Faith

It is said in the Lotus Sūtra, fascicle 8 (chapter 28): “If someone will uphold, read, and recite this sūtra in the future, his wishes will be fulfilled, and he will receive a happy reward in his present life.” It is said also: “If someone reveres and praises the Lotus Sūtra, he will receive a real reward in his present life.” Regarding these two passages, the eight characters meaning “he will receive a happy reward in his present life” and another eight characters meaning “he will receive a real reward in this life;” if these sixteen characters are not realized and I, Nichiren, do not receive a great reward in this life; the golden worlds of the Buddha would be as worthless as the empty words of Devadatta, and the testimony of the Buddha of Many Treasures would be no different from the lies of Kokālika, the disciple of Devadatta. All the people who slander the Lotus Sūtra would not fall into the Hell of Incessant Suffering, and there would be no Buddhas throughout life in the past, present and future. Therefore, I urge you, my disciples, to practice Buddhism as preached in the Lotus Sūtra without sparing your life and put Buddhism to proof once for all. Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō! Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō!”

Senji-shō, Selecting the Right time: A Tract by Nichiren, the Buddha’s Disciple, Writings of Nichiren Shōnin, Doctrine 1, Page 249

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800 Years: Devoting Oneself Solely to Faith in the Lotus Sūtra

How should one devote oneself solely to faith in the Lotus Sūtra? The answer to this question is in the Lotus Sūtra, namely the five practices of bodhisattvas… . Then again, according to Nichiren Shōnin, the practice most suitable for unenlightened people like us is chanting Odaimoku, reciting “Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō.” “Namu” is a Chinese imitation of the sound of the Sanskrit word “namo,” which means “to believe.” “Myōhō Renge Kyō” is the title of the Lotus Sūtra as translated by Kumārajīva. Therefore, “Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō” is an expression of faith in the Lotus Sūtra. For Nichiren Shōnin, the act of reciting Odaimoku is the act of becoming a buddha in our present form.

History and Teachings of Nichiren Buddhism, p 75-76
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800 Years: Equality in Faith

The rulership of a single monarch implied the equality of all people, just as faith in the unique personality of Buddha as the savior of all mankind presupposed the intrinsic value and destiny of every individual to be in communion with him.

History of Japanese Religion

800years, Lecture on Lotus Sutra

800 Years: Understanding, Not Believing

Notice that the Lotus Sutra requests us to understand by faith, not believe. This is a key distinction and something that is rare to come across in religion. Nichiren teaches that faith comes from practice and study. A tripod with its three legs can stand on any irregular surface. There is a mathematical explanation for this but it is unique in that ability. How many of us have sat down at a table or on a chair of four legs and had it wobble on us because of an uneven floor? The three legs of Buddhism, the legs which can support us on any of the various uneven surfaces of life, are faith, practice and study. With those three we can overcome any situation enabling the realization of enlightenment regardless of the circumstances.

Lecture on the Lotus Sutra

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800 Years: Finding Protection in Faith

Let me say this for your sake. I am aware of your longstanding faith, but you must strengthen it. Then you will find the greater protection of the ten female rākṣasa demons. You need not look afar for an example; although all the people in Japan, from the ruler to common people, tried to harm me, I have survived until today due to my firm faith.

Oto Gozen Go-shōsoku, A Letter to Lady Oto, Nyonin Gosho, Letters Addressed to Female Followers, Page 120-122

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800 Years: The First Moment of Faith

An important lesson from the very start of Chapter 17 is that the benefits of the Lotus Sutra are deeply tied to our first moment of faith, not to our subsequent practice. The Buddha says in gāthās:

“With these merits of concentration of his mind,
He sought unsurpassed enlightenment, saying:
‘I will complete all these dhyāna-concentrations,
And obtain the knowledge of all things.’

“He performed
The meritorious practices
As previously stated
For hundreds of thousands of billions of kalpas.

“The good men or women who believe my longevity,
Of which I told you,
Even at a moment’s thought
Will be able to obtain more merits than he.”

That’s not to say study and practice are unimportant. As the Buddha explains:

“Those who have firm faith,
And who are pure and upright,
And who hear much and memorize all teachings,
And who understand my words
According to their meaning,
Will have no doubts [about my longevity].”

But that first moment of faith is vital. As Nichiren writes in “Shishin Gohon-shō, The Four Depths of Faith and Five Stages of Practice”:

“In the Annotations on the Words and Phrases of the Lotus Sutra, Miao-lé writes: ‘The single moment of understanding by faith is foremost of the practices in the essential section.’ The first of the four depths of faith in the time when the sutra was taught is the single moment of understanding by faith and the first of the five stages of practice after the Buddha’s passing away is the stage of rejoicing. Within these two can be found all 100 realms, 1,000 aspects, and 3,000 modes of existences as if in a treasure chest. They are the gate out of which all the Buddhas of all time and space emerge.”

Writings of Nichiren Shōnin, Faith and Practice, Volume 4, Page101

This single moment of understanding by faith is essential and is to be cherished. Attempting to do too much too quickly will only prove detrimental. As Nichiren warns:

“Fascicle nine of the Words and Phrases of the Lotus Sutra says, ‘The beginner is afraid that getting drawn into the myriad activities that are supporting conditions will hinder their practice of right action. At this time, they should solely uphold this sutra which is the best kind of offering. By dispensing with other matters in order to uphold the principle they will gain enormous benefit.’

“This commentary says that the supporting conditions are the first five of the six bodhisattva practices. A beginner who tries to practice them as well will hinder his own right action of faith. For instance, if a small boat overloaded with treasure tries to cross the ocean, both the boat and the treasure will sink. The phrase ‘solely uphold this sutra’ does not even refer to the whole sutra but only to upholding the daimoku, not any other passages.”

Shishin Gohon-shō, The Four Depths of Faith and Five Stages of Practice, Writings of Nichiren Shōnin, Faith and Practice, Volume 4, Page 105

We need not rush to perfect our practice. We should instead seek to deepen our faith.

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800 Years: The Merit of Generating Faith

Chapter 16, the Duration of the Life of the Tathāgata, is without a doubt the most important in the Lotus Sutra. Therefore, it is no surprise that we learn in Chapter 17 that “Anyone who hears that my life is so long, and understands it by faith even at a moment’s thought, will be able to obtain innumerable merits.’ ”

It is Chapter 17 which establishes how to be true practitioners. As explained in Two Buddhas Seated Side by Side:

“Zhiyi enumerated ‘four stages of faith’ and ‘five stages of practice’ of the Lotus Sūtra. The four stages of faith are (1) to arouse even a single thought of willing acceptance (also translated as “a single moment’s faith and understanding”); (2) to understand the intent of the sūtra’s words; (3) to place deep faith in the sūtra and expound it widely for others; and (4) to perfect one’s own faith and insight. The “five stages of practice” are (1) to rejoice on hearing the Lotus Sūtra; (2) to read and recite it; (3) to explain it to others; (4) to practice it while cultivating the six perfections; and (5) to master the six perfections. …

“Within these two models of the path, Nichiren focused on the first stage of faith, arousing a single moment’s faith and understanding, and the first stage of practice, rejoicing on hearing the Lotus Sūtra.

Two Buddhas, p194-195

The merit of generating this faith is immeasurable, as Nikkyō Niwano explains in Buddhism for Today:

“In brief, the Buddha teaches us that if we establish the basic idea of faith, we can infinitely generate the power both to deepen our own faith and to extend it to others. He also teaches us that we can expect to surely gain the supreme merit of attaining Perfect Enlightenment in the future if we thoroughly devote ourselves to deepening our own faith. …

“A person earns or loses money; he falls in love or is disappointed in love; he rises to a higher position in time or he loses his job because of a trifling mistake; he brings up his child successfully or loses it. If we pass through life in this way with no purpose, merely repeating vain feelings of joy and sorrow, even though each moment seems to be substantial and important, we will have an inexpressible sense of emptiness upon looking back over our life. But if our life has the strong backbone of a righteous faith running through it, and if we have a firm belief that we can advance to Perfect Enlightenment step by step even though life has its apparent ups and downs, its various joys and sorrows, we will be able to pass easily through whatever hardships may come, however long life’s journey may be and however many rebirths it may entail.”

Buddhism for Today, p263-264

As the Buddha promises:

“It cannot be that the good man who obtained merits by understanding my longevity by faith even at a moment’s thought falters in walking the Way to Anuttara-samyak-saṃbodhi.”

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800 Years: Resolved

To leave us with no choice but to restore faith day by day, Nichiren Shōnin expounds his teachings as follows:

“Reflecting deeply on my past, I, Nichiren, studied Buddhism from childhood and began to ponder and wish as follows: People’s life spans are never, for a single moment, static and continue to change. If you look closely at the state of one’s dying moment, you will find that the breath once exhaled is never inhaled again. That is exactly like when dew on top of a leaf falls off to the ground. Our life ends regardless of wisdom or foolishness, old age or youth. Therefore, since we have such a transitory life, we must learn about it deeply, keeping in mind day after day that the end of life is just before us, and that our life is limited.

“Thinking about it in this way, you must come to realize that the most important thing upon death is the noble heart as a fundamental part of human beings. There is no other way to realize the existence of that noble heart and cultivate it than to follow the proper faith. Since the proper faith is precisely the faith in the Odaimoku, you should devote yourself to it without delay.

“Since the proper mental activity arises with the proper faith, true peace is achieved only when people who are engaged in such a mental activity collectively form a nation. At that time, those who live there will live at peace both in mind and body.”

Easy Readings of the Lotus Sutra