Daily Dharma – May 26, 2020

The “mutual possession of ten realms” doctrine is as difficult to maintain as it is to see fire in a rock or flowers in wood. However it is not totally impossible because rocks spark when struck together and a tree blooms in spring. It is most difficult to believe that the realm of Buddhas is contained in the realm of humans because it is like saying that fire is in water or water in fire.

Nichiren wrote this in his treatise on Spiritual Contemplation and the Most Venerable (Kanjin Honzon-Shō). “Mutual Expression of Ten Realms” is one of the more difficult ideas from the Chinese Master T’ien-t’ai. Nichiren uses it to illustrate what the Buddha teaches in the Lotus Sūtra: that Buddha nature is contained within all beings. Even though this idea is difficult, we can see it in the transformations of everyday objects we encounter: rocks, fire, flowers and trees. With his similes, Nichiren reminds us that with the Lotus Sūtra as our guide, we can see the Buddha Dharma in all aspects of our lives.

The Daily Dharma is produced by the Lexington Nichiren Buddhist Community. To subscribe to the daily emails, visit zenzaizenzai.com

Another Innumerable Day Before Day 1

In the second chapter of The Infinite Meanings Sutra, we get this discussion of emptiness:

The Buddha replied: “O you of good intent! This particular Dharma approach is known as Infinite Meanings. A bodhisattva who wishes to achieve mastery in the practice of Infinite Meanings must perceive and observe that, in and of themselves, all phenomena intrinsically have been, successively will be, and currently are tranquil and empty in nature and aspect, without greatness or smallness, without origination or cessation, neither fixed nor moving, non-advancing and non-retreating. Like the emptiness of space, they are without duality. Living beings, however, thoughtlessly and falsely make polar assessments: ‘It is this,’ ‘It is that’; ‘It is gain,’ ‘It is loss.’ Unwholesome thoughts arise in them, producing harmful karmic causes. They cycle and recycle in the six realms of existence, piling up harmful passions and sufferings, and for hundreds of millions of myriads of kalpas they cannot break themselves free. Clearly perceiving this, the great-being bodhisattva must bring forth a mind of mercy and give rise to great compassion—particularly wishing to relieve living beings of suffering.

“He or she must then more completely fathom all phenomena: aspects of phenomena being as such, as such will phenomena come forth; aspects of phenomena being as such, as such will phenomena settle; aspects of phenomena being as such, as such will phenomena change; aspects of phenomena being as such, as such will phenomena become void. Aspects of phenomena being as such, an unwholesome phenomenon is able to come forth. Aspects of phenomena being as such, a wholesome phenomenon is able to come forth. So it is also with regard to settling, changing, and becoming void.

“After perceiving, observing, and fully understanding everything about these four modes from beginning to end, the bodhisattva must next perceive and observe that all phenomena are impermanent—coming forth and becoming void over and over again from moment to moment, and further grasp that their coming forth, settling, changing, and becoming void are instantaneously occurring. Having perceived and comprehended this, the bodhisattva will then have insight into the various conditioned desires of the senses of living beings.

When I read this it struck me how this is the foundation upon which Ichinen Sanzen is built.

Great Master Tiantai

In the sixth century, the Chinese monk Zhiyi (538-597) established a teaching center on Mt. Tiantai. He was later known as the Great Master Tiantai, founder of the school of the same name. Zhiyi was a great scholar and meditator who wanted to systematize all the seemingly contradictory teachings that had been translated into Chinese. To do this, he classified the Buddha’s teachings into five flavors and eight categories of teaching. As a practitioner, as well as a scholar, he put equal emphasis on meditation practice and doctrine in order to create a balanced system whereby doctrine would inform practice and practice would actualize doctrine. The concept of the “three thousand realms in a single thought-moment” … was part of his explanation of the sudden and perfect method of tranquility and insight meditation. He also spoke of awakening in terms of realizing the unity of the threefold truth of emptiness, provisional existence, and the Middle Way in order to clarify the true meaning of the teachings of the Perfection of Wisdom sūtras and Nāgārjuna’s (second-third century) teachings regarding emptiness, causality, and the Middle Way. He derived the unity of the threefold truth from a line in Nāgārjuna’s major work, Verses on the Middle Way:

“Whatever is dependently co-arisen
That is explained to be emptiness.
That, being a dependent designation,
Is itself the middle way.” (Garfield, p. 304)

Zhiyi taught that the threefold truth could be realized through a “threefold contemplation” cutting through the “three categories of delusion” and giving rise to the “three kinds of knowledge.” Ultimately, Zhiyi taught that the three truths of the threefold truth are simply different aspects of the one true nature of reality that can be realized in a single moment of insight.

Open Your Eyes, p236-237

Dynamism and Diversity

The Ten Factors bring a dynamic element into the portrait of life revealed by the Ten Worlds and their mutual possession because it shows the ways in which the law of cause and effect actually operates throughout the Ten Worlds. In addition, the Ten Factors show that this dynamism brings about great diversity. This diversity is revealed without overshadowiug the essential unity of all phenomena. This unity is the “Suchness,” or Emptiness, of Dependent Origination.

Lotus Seeds

Vast Virtue of Lord Śākyamuni Buddha Exists in Our Minds

Finally, let us try to answer your first question whether or not vast virtue of Lord Śākyamuni Buddha exists in our minds. The Sūtra of Infinite Meaning (Muryōgi-kyō), which is regarded as an introductory teaching to the Lotus Sūtra, explains how we attain Buddhahood:

“Suppose there was a prince just born to a king and his queen. Growing up day by day, month by month, year by year, the new prince has reached the age of seven. Though unable to attend the affairs of state, he is respected by his father’s subjects and befriended by children of great kings. He is loved by his royal parents, who find it most enjoyable to chat with him constantly. Why is this? It is because the prince is still young. My good people, he who upholds this Lotus Sūtra is just like this prince. His father is Buddhas; and his mother, this sūtra. Just as the prince was born to the king and his queen, Buddhas and this sūtra are united in one to give birth to the bodhisattva, upholder of this sūtra. Suppose, having listened to the Lotus Sūtra, he reads a phrase or a verse of it, or reads it once, twice, ten, one hundred, one thousand, ten thousand times, or one trillion times the grains of sand of the Ganges River—unlimited and infinite number of times. Even if he had not yet obtained the ultimate truth, he would be respected by all the four groups of Buddhists (monks, nuns, laymen, and laywomen) and the eight kinds of gods and semi-gods, protectors of Buddhism. Accompanied by great bodhisattvas, he would always be protected and cared for by Buddhas and completely surrounded by their benevolence. It is because he is a beginner on the way to Buddhahood.”

Then, we come across the following passage in the Sūtra of Meditation on the Universal Sage Bodhisattva (Kan Fugen Bosatsu Gyōbō-kyō), considered to be the conclusion of the Lotus Sūtra: “This Mahāyāna Sūtra of the Lotus Flower of the Wonderful Dharma is the treasure house of all the Buddhas and the eyes of all the Buddhas in all the worlds in the universe in the past, present, and future. It is the seed of Buddhahood, giving birth to all the Buddhas in the past, present as well as future. You must put the Mahāyāna teaching into practice lest the seed of Buddhahood be extinguished.” And also: “This Mahāyāna sūtra is the eyes of all the Buddhas. It is by means of this Lotus Sūtra that all the Buddhas reach the stage of having Five Eyes. The Buddha with three bodies (Dharma Body, Reward Body, and Accommodative Body) was born from this sūtra. This sūtra is the great seal of enlightenment impressed upon the sea of Nirvana, from which the Buddha with three pure bodies was born. The triple-bodied Buddha, therefore, is the source of happiness for men and gods alike.”

Kanjin Honzon-shō, A Treatise Revealing the Spiritual Contemplation and the Most Verable One, Writings of Nichiren Shōnin, Doctrine 2, Page 143-144

Daily Dharma – May 25, 2020

Thereupon Śākyamuni Buddha praised Medicine-King Bodhisattva, saying: “Excellent, excellent, Medicine-King! You uttered these dhāraṇīs in order to protect this teacher of the Dharma out of your compassion towards him. You will be able to give many benefits to all living beings.”

The Buddha makes this declaration to Medicine-King Bodhisattva in Chapter Twenty-Six of the Lotus Sūtra. The dhāraṇīs are promises made in a language that only Medicine-King and other protective beings understand. When we recite these promises from the Lotus Sūtra, we remind those beings of their vows. We also awaken our natures to protect all beings, and create benefits both for those beings and ourselves.

The Daily Dharma is produced by the Lexington Nichiren Buddhist Community. To subscribe to the daily emails, visit zenzaizenzai.com

Between Day 32 and Day 1: The Goal of Practice

In my morning reading of The Sutra of Contemplation of The Dharma Practice of Universal Sage Bodhisattva I was struck by the stated goal of this practice:

“World-honored One! After you have passed away, O Tathāgata, how do living beings produce the bodhisattva mind, practice in accordance with the comprehensive sutras of the Great Vehicle (Mahayana), and, with right mindfulness, bring their thoughts into the realm of one reality? How do they avoid losing sight of the aspiration for ultimate enlightenment (bodhicitta)? Moreover, without cutting off worldly passions and without abandoning the five desires, how do they achieve purity of the sense faculties and eliminate accumulated impurities? Without giving up the five desires, how can they still become capable of seeing events and things free from encumbrance with the pure natural eyes received from their parents at birth?”

Underscore: Without giving up the five desires, how can they still become capable of seeing events and things free from encumbrance with the pure natural eyes received from their parents at birth?

Keeping this in mind during my evening service, I was struck by the gāthās summarizing the impact of the impurities of the senses:

Then, expounding further, the World-honored One spoke in verse:

“When the sense faculty of sight is corrupted
By karmic encumbrances that make it impure,
You must resolutely internalize the Great Vehicle
And ponder its ultimate principle!
This is called doing self-amendment for the eye
To bring unwholesome karmic influences to an end.
The sense faculty of hearing gives ear to disruptive sounds
And spoils your sense of accord.
Because such confusion occurs,
You become just like a foolish monkey.
You must resolutely internalize the Great Vehicle
And contemplate the emptiness and formlessness of all things!
You will lastingly bring an end to unwholesomeness
And hear in all ten directions with a celestial ear!
The sense faculty of smell has attachments to scents
And, so affected, drives you to make contacts.
The nose is thus crazed and seduced,
And, so affected, begets impure perceptions.
When you internalize the Great Vehicle sutras
And contemplate the true reality of all things,
You will lastingly part from harmful karmic actions
And, in lives to come, not produce them again!
The sense faculty of speech promotes the five wrong views29–
An unwholesome karmic cause resulting from the wanton use of words.
When you aspire to effect self-control,
Diligently foster a heart of compassion!
Reflect on how the tranquil true reality of all phenomena
Has no aspects for you to discern!
The sense faculty of the mind, just as a monkey,
Takes not even one moment of rest.
When you aspire to govern it,
You must diligently internalize the Great Vehicle!
Focus on the buddhas – on their fully awakened embodiments,
With the capabilities and dauntlessness they have achieved!
The material body, the agency of actions,
Behaves like dust blown about by the wind:
Six thieves have their way within it–
Without limit and free from control.
When you aspire to end this inferior condition,
To lastingly part from overwhelming desires,
To abide always in the city of nirvana,
And to be serene and have a calm mind,
You must internalize the Great Vehicle sutras
And turn your mind to the mother of bodhisattvas!
Countless surpassing skillful means are gained
By reflecting on the true reality of all things.
These six ways
Are thus named the governing of the six sense faculties.
The ocean of all karmic encumbrances
Is produced by deluded perceptions.
When you aspire to amend yourself of them,
Focus on the true reality of all phenomena while sitting upright and properly!
All impurities, like frost and dew,
Can be dispelled by wisdom’s sun;
Accordingly, with utmost dedication,
Do self-amendment for the six sense faculties!”

Underscore: All impurities, like frost and dew,
Can be dispelled by wisdom’s sun;

See Meaning Behind the Symbolism

Meaning Behind the Symbolism

The expression “The Bodhisattva Universal Virtue [Universal Sage] is boundless in the size of his body, boundless in the sound of his voice, and boundless in the form of his image” indicates the unfathomed store of virtues and powers possessed by the Bodhisattva Universal Virtue. If this bodhisattva looked completely different from the people of this sahā-world when he appeared to instruct them, they would feel ill at ease with him and would feel unable to follow him. Therefore he appears in human form and as such should be regarded as the personification of the “principle of half a step.” …

The “three hindrances” refer to the three evils of arrogance, envy, and covetousness. Because people in the sahā-world are burdened with these three heavy hindrances, they should be guided through practices that relate to their own environment. This is the work of the Bodhisattva Universal Virtue. For this reason he rides a white elephant, which is symbolic of Buddhist practice and represents purity. The six tusks of the elephant suggest the purity of the six sense organs: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind. The elephant’s seven legs suggest the absence of the seven evils of killing, stealing, committing adultery, lying, ill speaking, improper language, and a double tongue.

Next, the body of the elephant and its beauty are described in various ways. This symbolizes how beautiful and valuable it is to practice the Buddha’s teachings. Then is mentioned a precious daughter appearing on each of the lotus flowers that grow from the bathing pools at the end of the elephant’s tusks, along with many musical instruments and colorful birds. This means that if anyone practices the Buddha’s teachings, those around him will be naturally purified.

Buddhism for Today, p428-429

Eight Realms of Provisional Teachings

One would think that all Mahāyāna schools would recognize the ability of all people to attain buddhahood since they were based upon the Mahāyāna sūtras wherein the Buddha asserted at the beginning and the end of his teaching that all beings have the buddha-nature and are therefore capable of attaining buddhahood. In fact, the Mahāyāna sūtras did not always guarantee universal buddhahood for all beings. In particular, the arhats and pratyekabuddhas who attained the Hinayāna nirvāṇa were believed to be incapable of taking up the bodhisattva vehicle and attaining buddhahood, particularly since upon passing away they would never again be reborn in the six worlds or anywhere else. This is why Nichiren writes that, “The Hossō and Sanron schools established eight realms, but not ten. Needless to say, they did not know that the ten realms interpenetrate one another.” (Adapted from Murano 2000, p. 14) In other words, because the Dharma Characteristics and Three Treatises schools taught that the arhats and pratyekabuddhas have no realms of their own they simply become extinct upon their deaths and therefore these two schools only acknowledge eight of the ten realms. The Dharma Characteristics school also taught, based upon its own sūtras and commentaries, that people have one of five distinct natures: some people are incorrigible disbelievers (S. icchantika) who are incapable of ever leaving the six lower realms, some are capable of taking up the śrāvaka vehicle, some are capable of taking up the pratyekabuddha vehicle, some are capable taking up the buddha vehicle, and some are able to take up any one of the three vehicles. In this scheme there are some who will never escape saṃsāra and very few who can or will attain buddhahood. Even though these people may have buddha-nature as the true nature of their lives, they do not have the wisdom or virtue to ever realize it.

Open Your Eyes, p204

A Boy Named Tokushō

In the past a boy named Tokushō offered a rice cake made from sand to Śākyamuni Buddha and thereby was reborn in this world as Emperor Aśoka, who ruled the Jambudvīpa and eventually became a Buddha. Now you have offered fruits and other items to the Lotus Sūtra, and I can imagine how happy the ten female rākṣasa demons, protectors of the Lotus Sūtra, are. It is difficult to write all that I want to say. Please allow me to write you again. Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō. Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō.

Matsuno-dono Goshōsoku, Letter to Lord Matsuno, Writings of Nichiren Shōnin, Volume 7, Followers II, Page 67