Monthly Archives: October 2019

LS32

Day 29

Day 29 covers all of Chapter 25, The Universal Gate of World-Voice-Perceiver Bodhisattva.

Day 29 Text with annotationsPlay MP3

Having last month considered the many ways World-Voice-Perceiver helps those in trouble, we consider the merits earned by anyone who keeps the name of World-Voice-Perceiver Bodhisattva and bows and makes offerings to him even for a moment.

“Endless-Intent! Suppose a good man or woman keeps the names of six thousand and two hundred million Bodhisattvas, that is, of as many Bodhisattvas as there are sands in the River Ganges, and offers drink, food, clothing, bedding and medicine to them throughout his or her life. What do you think of this? Are his or her merits many or not?”

Endless-Intent said, “Very many. World-Honored One!”

The Buddha said:

“Anyone who keeps the name of World-Voice-Perceiver Bodhisattva and bows and makes offerings to him even for a moment, will be given as many merits as to be given to the good man or woman as previously stated. The merits will not be exhausted even after hundreds of thousands of billions of kalpas. Endless-Intent! Anyone who keeps the name of World-Voice-Perceiver Bodhisattva will be given these benefits of innumerable merits and virtues.”

See Avalokiteśvara

LS32, d29b, 2buddhas

Avalokiteśvara

Unlike Gadgadasvara [Wonderful-Voice Bodhisattva], who would seem to appear only in the Lotus Sūtra, the bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara [World-Voice-Perceiver Bodhisattva] features in numerous texts and has been revered throughout Asia, down to and including the present time. Avalokiteśvara has been worshipped in many guises. The Dalai Lama is regarded as an incarnation of Avalokiteśvara. In China, this bodhisattva was often represented in female form. In Japan one finds pilgrimage routes dedicated to the bodhisattva comprising thirty-three sites, one for each of his manifestations listed in this chapter of the Lotus Sūtra. He also figures prominently in the Pure Land tradition as the right-hand attendant of the buddha Amitābha, accompanying him when he descends to welcome his devotees at the moment of death and escort them to his pure land.

It was possibly because of these Pure Land connections that Nichiren makes so little mention of Avalokiteśvara, despite the pervasiveness in medieval Japan of devotion to this bodhisattva. On the mandalas he inscribed for his followers, Nichiren wrote the names of representative bodhisattvas of the trace teaching below the names of the leaders of the bodhisattvas of the earth. Usually he chose Mañjuśrī and Samantabhadra as these representatives; no extant mandala in his hand bears the name of Avalokiteśvara.

Two Buddhas, p240-241
d19b, d20b, Lecture on Lotus Sutra

Our Active Practice

What we have taking place with the appearance of these Bodhisattvas from beneath the ground is a shift in the Lotus Sutra from theory to action. We, as those Bodhisattvas, manifest that life condition not by sitting around thinking about it or by some theoretical endeavor but by actually living our lives, by doing, by being. This is not a theoretical practice nor is it a practice only for oneself. This is a practice of engagement, of action, and of involvement with society teaching others and showing others by the example of our lives, not just our theories.

Remember we approach the Buddha and ask him how he is doing, not what he can do for us. The famous speech by John Kennedy, a president of my lifetime, keeps coming to mind. I can almost hear it today, and recall watching it on television as a youth. We should be asking what we can do for others and what we can do for Buddhism, not what Buddhism can do for us or what we can get out of Buddhism.

Lecture on the Lotus Sutra

Saicho

Chih-i’s Contribution to Saichō’s Precepts

Quote

Chih-i’s writings contributed two important elements to Saichō’s thought on the precepts. First, Chih-i’s concept of a bodhisattva who performed Sudden practices was a forerunner of Saichō’s association of the Fan wang precepts with the Direct Path (jikidō) to enlightenment. Secondly, Chih-i’s use of the term ‘Perfect precepts’ (enkai) suggested that certain precepts were suited for those who followed the Perfect teachings of the Lotus Sūtra and that those precepts might be distinct from the Hinayāna precepts.

Chih-i’s position on the precepts differed from that of Saichō in several ways. First, Chih-i advocated the harmonious combination of the Hinayāna and Mahāyāna precepts. Even when the precepts were realized through Sudden practices, they still encompassed the Hinayāna precepts. Secondly, Chih-i’s concept of the Perfect precepts was abstract. He did not identify the Perfect precepts with a specific set of rules. The Fan wang precepts represented a mixture of Unique and Perfect teachings, not solely Perfect (jun’en) teachings. The purely Perfect precepts could only be observed by the Buddha. Before the doctrinal foundation for Saichō’s proposals would be complete, the Perfect precepts would have to be identified with the Fan wang precepts and freed of the onus of incorporating Hinayāna or Unique teachings.

Saichō: The Establishment of the Japanese Tendai School, p227-228
Daily Dharma

Daily Dharma – Oct. 29, 2019

Your face is most wonderful.
Your light illumines the worlds of the ten quarters.
I once made offerings to you.
Now I have come to see you again.

Gladly-Seen-By-All-Beings Bodhisattva sings these verses to Sun-Moon-Pure-Bright-Virtue Buddha in a story told in Chapter Twenty-Three of the Lotus Sūtra. That Bodhisattva was the previous life of Medicine-King Bodhisattva who accepted all of the misfortunes of this world of delusion and ignorance so that he could benefit all beings living here. When we awaken our nature as Bodhisattvas, and resolve to use the Buddha’s teachings to purify this world, then we are assured we will never fail to meet Buddhas and repay the good they do for us.

The Daily Dharma is produced by the Lexington Nichiren Buddhist Community. To subscribe to the daily emails, visit zenzaizenzai.com

WONS

The Sole Intent of the Whole Sūtra

QUESTION: Why do you claim that the daimoku contains all the Buddha’s teachings?

ANSWER: Interpreting the preface of the Profound Meaning of the Lotus Sūtra, Chang-an says, “The daimoku at the beginning is the king of the Lotus Sūtra that expresses the profound meaning of the sūtra. The sūtra’s profound meaning is the heart of the text. The heart of the text is unsurpassed by even the theoretical and essential teachings.” Miao-lê says, “By the daimoku, the heart of the text of the Lotus Sūtra, the comparative superiority among all the teachings of the Buddha is discerned.”

Muddy water has no mind but it still catches the moon’s reflection and naturally becomes lucid. Plants and trees catch the rain in order to blossom, but can we say they do this deliberately? The five characters of Myō, Hō, Ren, Ge, and Kyō are not the text of the sūtra nor a mere explanation; rather, they are the sole intent of the whole sūtra. Beginners may practice this without knowing the heart (of the Lotus Sūtra), but their practice will naturally harmonize with its intention.

Shishin Gohon-shō, The Four Depths of Faith and Five Stages of Practice, Writings of Nichiren Shōnin, Faith and Practice, Volume 4, Page 107

LS32

Day 28

Day 28 covers all of Chapter 24, Wonderful-Voice Bodhisattva, and concludes the Seventh Volume of the Sutra of the Lotus Flower of the Wonderful Dharma.

Day 28 Text with annotationsPlay MP3

Having last month learned of Wonderful-Voice Bodhisattva’s transformations, we consider the great supernatural powers and the power of wisdom obtained by Wonderful-Voice Bodhisattva-mahāsattva.

“Flower-Virtue! This Wonderful-Voice Bodhisattva protects all living beings in this Sahā-World. He transforms himself into one or another of these various living beings in this Sahā World and expounds this sūtra to all living beings without reducing his supernatural powers, [his power of] transformation, and his wisdom. He illumines this Sahā World with the many [rays of light] of his wisdom, and causes all living beings to know what they should know. He also does the same in the innumerable worlds of the ten quarters, that is, in as many worlds as, there are sands in the River Ganges. He takes the shape of a Śrāvaka and expounds the Dharma to those who are to be saved by a Śrāvaka. He takes the shape of a Pratyekabuddha and expounds the Dharma to those who are to be saved by a Pratyekabuddha. He takes the shape of another Bodhisattva and expounds the Dharma to those who are to be saved by that Bodhisattva. He takes the shape of a Buddha and expounds the Dharma to those who are to be saved by a Buddha. He takes these various shapes according to the capacities of those who are to be saved. He shows his extinction to those who are to be saved by his extinction. Flower-Virtue! Such are the great supernatural powers and the power of wisdom obtained by Wonderful-Voice Bodhisattva-mahāsattva.”

See Bodhisattvas Who Meet the Needs of Sentient Beings

LS32, d27b, d28b, d29b, 2buddhas

Bodhisattvas Who Meet the Needs of Sentient Beings

[Chapter 24] and the preceding, “Bhaiṣajyarāja” [The Previous Life of Medicine-King Bodhisattva] chapter feature bodhisattvas who manifest themselves in a variety of forms in order to meet the needs of sentient beings. Chapter 24 enumerates thirty-four appearances assumed by the bodhisattva Gadgadasvara [Wonderful-Voice Bodhisattva] through his mastery of the samādhi of manifesting all physical forms, the same samādhi attributed to the bodhisattva Sarvarūpasaṃdarśana [Gladly-Seen-By-All-Beings Bodhisattva] in Chapter 23. Chapter 25 similarly lists thirty-three forms assumed by the bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara [World-Voice-Perceiver Bodhisattva]. The phrase “gateway to everywhere” (J. fumon), sometimes translated as “universal gate,” in the title of Chapter 25 refers to precisely this activity by which buddhas and bodhisattvas assume various forms to aid suffering beings. An eleventh-century poem based on this chapter celebrates the universal compassion of Avalokiteśvara:

the world is saved
because no one can shut
the gate to everywhere:
O who will not enter?

Two Buddhas, p239
Lotus Seeds

The Ten Worlds: Heavenly Beings

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The world of the heavenly beings is where the gods make their abode. Unlike the Western concept of heaven, however, Buddhist heavens do not refer to a realm of eternal salvation. Rather, they are temporary realms of bliss where all of one’s desires are satisfied. The heavens are also realms of increasing subtlety and refinement, transcending our worldly concepts of time, space, and matter. The heavens are attained as a reward for good deeds, as well as through the cultivation of meditation of other spiritual disciplines. Eventually, however, those in the heavens will have to leave and “come back down to earth.”

Lotus Seeds

Saicho

Chih-i’s Concept of Perfect Precepts

Quote

Chih-i’s concept of a bodhisattva who performed Sudden practices presaged Saichō’s claim that the Perfect precepts were suitable for the bodhisattva who could take a direct path (jikidō) to enlightenment. However, a crucial difference remained between the views of Chih-i and Saichō. Chih-i never attempted to reject the Hinayāna precepts, nor did he argue that ordinations with bodhisattva precepts should precede full Hinayāna ordinations. In the Fa hua hsüan i, he stated that the Hinayāna precepts should be explained in a way which revealed their Mahāyāna contents. According to Chih-i, the bodhisattva who followed Sudden practices perfected and encompassed both the Hinayāna and Mahāyāna precepts. Consequently, the concept of sudden practices did not imply that the Hinayāna precepts were to be rejected.

Besides the concept of a bodhisattva who performed Sudden practices, Chih-i also introduced another concept utilized by Saichō, the Perfect precepts (enkai). The term ‘Perfect precepts’ referred to Chih-i’s classification of Buddhist doctrine into four categories and designated the precepts appropriate for followers of the Perfect teaching. Chih-i equated the Perfect precepts with the precepts of the Buddha. They were realized through meditation, practice, and the development of a mind which was free from passions and thus able to perceive things as they really are (jissōshin). The Perfect precepts were usually not identified in Chih-i’s writings with any particular set of rules such as the precepts of the Fan wang ching (Sūtra of Brahma’s Net), Hinayāna sets or even with the anrakugyō (Serene and Pleasant Activities) of the Lotus Sūtra. Elsewhere, however, Chih-i stated that adherence to the Lotus Sūtra (jikyō) was equivalent to holding the most profound precepts. Such precepts were called absolute (rikai) and were free of specific content. They were realized in two ways. A monk or nun might gradually practice precepts of increasing subtlety until the Perfect precepts were attained, or he or she might attain them in an instant through Sudden practices.

Saichō: The Establishment of the Japanese Tendai School, p224-225