The Unsurpassed Teaching the Buddha

A person who accurately knows the three periods of past, present, and future is called a sage. The three kings, five emperors, and three sages of Confucianism know only the present time but do not know the past and future. An unworldly man of faith other than Buddhism is said to have known eighty thousand years of the past and eighty thousand years of the future, thus he is considered to be a kind of sage. And yet because even the Two Vehicles of śrāvaka and pratyekabuddha of Hinayāna Buddhism know the logic of cause and effect of the past and the future, they are the sages superior to unworldly non-Buddhists. Bodhisattvas of Hinayāna Buddhism have passed a myriad of kalpa (aeons) of the past and Bodhisattvas of Common teaching of Mahāyāna Buddhism have passed Dōyujin kalpa (innumerable aeons). Bodhisattvas of Distinct teaching of Mahāyāna Buddhism know the past of Tagutei kalpa (countless aeons) on each stage. In the “Parable of a Magic City” chapter in the theoretical section of the Lotus Sūtra, Śākyamuni Buddha revealed the past of three thousand dust particle kalpa. This is the reason why the Lotus Sūtra is the unsurpassed teaching of all the teachings of the Buddha.

Shōnin Chi-sanze-ji, The Sage Knows the Three Periods, Writings of Nichiren Shōnin, Biography and Disciples, Volume 5, Pages 19

Daily Dharma – April 21, 2019

Only I know his secret practices.
He shows himself
To all living beings
In the form of my eldest son.

The Buddha sings these verses in Chapter Nine of the Lotus Sūtra, speaking of Rāhula, the son born to him and his wife Yaśodharā before he left his life as a crown prince to seek enlightenment. In his highest teaching, the Buddha reminds us of our vows as Bodhisattvas to come into this world of conflict to benefit all beings. In the preoccupations that come with this life, we can forget these vows; they become a secret even to us. When we hear this Sūtra, we are reminded that we are the dear children of the Dharma, and that enlightenment is our rightful inheritance.

The Daily Dharma is produced by the Lexington Nichiren Buddhist Community. To subscribe to the daily emails, visit zenzaizenzai.com

Classifying the Characteristics of the Teaching

This is the last classification of the Five Sections in interpreting the Lotus Sūtra. Chih-i’s whole interpretation of the Lotus Sūtra concerns nothing else but the Ultimate Truth (or True Reality) that is addressed in the teaching of the Buddha. This indicates that the Five Sections Chih-i sets up to interpret the Lotus Sūtra reveal the teaching of the Buddha from five perspectives in terms of the name of the teaching, substance of the teaching, gist of the teaching, function of the teaching, and the characteristics of the teaching. The last section “classifying the characteristics of the teaching” serves to conclude Chih-i’s elaboration of the teaching of the Buddha and his interpretation of the Lotus Sūtra by providing an overview of the teaching. The Buddha’s teaching is classified by Chih-i into three kinds: sudden, gradual, and indeterminate. Chih-i stresses the significance of illustrating the teaching of the Buddha by stating that if one propagates the Lotus Sūtra without exposing the teaching, the meaning of the text would not be complete. (Page 453)

The Profound Meaning of the Lotus Sutra: Tien-tai Philosophy of Buddhism


Day 3

Day 3 covers the first half of Chapter 2, Expedients.

Having last month learned of the insight of the Tathāgatas, we hear the World-Honored One repeat in gāthās his immeasuable wisdom:

Thereupon the World-Honored One, wishing to repeat what he had said, sang in gāthās:

The [ wisdom of the] World-Heroes is immeasurable.
None of the living beings in the world,
Including gods and men,
Knows the [ wisdom of the] Buddhas.

No one can measure the powers, fearlessness,
Emancipations, samādhis,
And other properties of the [present] Buddhas,
Because they, in their previous existence,
Followed innumerable Buddhas
And practiced the teachings of those Buddhas.

The profound and wonderful Dharma
Is difficult to see and difficult to understand.
I practiced the teachings of the [past] Buddhas
For many hundreds of millions of kalpas,
And became a Buddha at the place of enlightenment.
I have already attained the Dharma.

l know the various effects, rewards and retributions,
Natures and appearances of all things:
The Buddhas of the worlds of the ten quarters
Also know all this.

Continuing with the content from Miraculous Tales of the Lotus Sutra from Ancient Japan, we learn of A Woman Disciple of the Kii Clan.

A Woman Disciple of the Kii Clan

Disciple Kii was the second daughter of Ason Nobumasa of Kii, Sama no Gonsuke. She remained single through her life and only recited the Hokekyō. She desired neither glories nor luxuries in this mundane life, but solely wished for her future deliverance in the land of Buddha.

Without reaching old age, Disciple Kii fell ill when twenty years old. Instead of hoping for recovery, she fervently recited the sūtra. Finally she passed away with a firm faith, pressing her palms together, as she finished the last verse of the Hōben Chapter, which says, “Great joy in one’s mind will enable one to become a Buddha.”

The person beside her dreamed that Disciple Kii ascended into the air, wearing a beautifully decorated celestial robe and having a jeweled crown on her head, her body radiating light as she went to the Tosotsu Heaven. (Page 136)

Miraculous Tales of the Lotus Sutra from Ancient Japan


Difference in Meaning Between Pre-Lotus Period and Lotus Period

The Sūtra of Infinite Meaning is the introduction to the Lotus Sūtra. It is stated in this sūtra that counting the years of preaching by the Buddha one by one beginning with the Flower Garland Sūtra at the seat of enlightenment under the Bodhi tree to this Sūtra of Infinite Meaning on Mt. Sacred Eagle, 40 years or so has passed. During those years, the Buddha preached the Flower Garland Sūtra, the Āgama sūtras, the Hōdō sūtras, and the Wisdom Sūtra. What were preached in them are teachings for the Three Vehicles (śrāvaka, Pratyekabuddha, and bodhisattvas) and Five Vehicles (Three Vehicles plus human beings and heavenly beings). The practices preached in these sūtras, according to the Sūtra of Infinite Meaning, requires many kalpa (aeons) of bodhisattva practice. The sūtra divides the Buddha’s preaching into two categories of zui-jii (preaching according to His own mind) and zui-tai (according to the mind of others—listeners), stating that the Buddha’s preaching during the 40 years or so is of zui-tai (preached according to the capacity of the people who listened to Him). Therefore, there is a difference in meaning between the preaching of the pre-Lotus period and that of the Lotus period even though He may have used the same language, says the Sūtra of Infinite Meaning. Accordingly, the Lotus Sūtra ensures one will attain immediate Buddhahood while other sūtras require many kalpa (aeons) of practice. Regarding rebirth in the Pure Land, too, there is a difference between the Lotus Sūtra and other sūtras.

Shō Hokke Daimoku-shō, Treastise on Chanting the Daimoku of the Lotus Sūtra, Writings of Nichiren Shōnin, Faith and Practice, Volume 4, Page 15-16

Daily Dharma – April 20, 2019

Always seeking fame and gain,
He often visited noble families.
He did not understand what he had recited,
Gave it up, and forgot it.
Because of this,
He was called Fame-Seeking. But he [later] did many good karmas,
And became able to see innumerable Buddhas.

Mañjuśrī Bodhisattva sings these verses in Chapter One of the Lotus Sūtra. They are part of a story he tells about Fame-Seeking Bodhisattva (Gumyō, Yaśaskāma). This shows that each of the innumerable Bodhisattvas who are helping us to become enlightened use different ways of reaching people. Even those enmeshed in the suffering of self-importance, who use this Wonderful Dharma to make themselves seem superior to others, simply because they are leading others to this teaching, they too are creating boundless merit.

The Daily Dharma is produced by the Lexington Nichiren Buddhist Community. To subscribe to the daily emails, visit zenzaizenzai.com

The Four Siddhāntas in the Lotus Sūtra

The Four Siddhāntas employed in the door of the Origin are regarded by Chih-i as the unique feature of the Lotus Sūtra. By opening the Traces and revealing the Origin, the Four Siddhāntas in the Lotus Sūtra are forever different from that in other sūtras. Therefore, the ten functions in the Origin, along with the Four Siddhāntas that are contained in each of the ten functions in the Origin, are only possessed by the Lotus Sūtra. Chih-i confirms that the functions in the Traces of the Lotus Sūtra already surpass the functions of other sūtras, let alone the Four Siddhāntas that are contained in these functions. Why? Other sūtras do not even have any of the ten functions in the Origin, not to mention all the ten functions in the Origin. The Four Siddhāntas in the Traces already surpass those in other sūtras, for other sūtras do not even have one of the Four Siddhāntas in the Origin, not to mention all the Four Siddhāntas in the Origin. Thus, Chih-i concludes that the function of the Lotus Sūtra is supreme. (Vol. 2, Page 451)

The Profound Meaning of the Lotus Sutra: Tien-tai Philosophy of Buddhism


Day 2

Chapter 1, Introductory (Conclusion).

Having last month learning what occurred after Sun-­Moon-Light Buddha’s extinction, Mañjuśrī, wishing to repeat what he had said, sang in gāthās:

Thereupon Mañjuśrī, wishing to repeat what he had said, sang in gāthās in the midst of the great multitude:

According to my memory,
innumerable, countless kalpas ago,
There lived a Buddha, a Man of the Highest Honor,
Called Sun-Moon-Light.

That World-Honored One expounded the Dharma,
And caused innumerable living beings
And many hundreds of millions of Bodhisattvas
To enter the Way to the wisdom of the Buddha.

Seeing the Great Saint
Who had renounced the world,
The eight sons born to him when he was a king
Followed him, and performed brahma practices.

The Buddha expounded
To the great multitude
A sūtra of the Great Vehicle
Called the ‘Innumerable Teachings.’

Having expounded this sūtra, the Buddha sat cross-legged
On the seat of the Dharma [facing the east],
And entered into the samādhi
For the purport of the innumerable teachings.

The gods rained mandarava-flowers.
Heavenly drums sounded by themselves.
The gods, dragons, and other supernatural beings
Made offerings to the Man of the Highest Honor.

Continuing with the content from Miraculous Tales of the Lotus Sutra from Ancient Japan, we learn of Priests Kōshō and Hōren.

Priests Kōshō and Hōren

Two priests lived in Ōshü. Kōshō, a priest of the Gangōji Temple, recited the Saishōōgyō [Sūtra of the Sovereign Kings of the Golden Light], while Hōren, a priest of the Kōfukuji Temple, recited the Hokekyō. Both priests had left their native places and their original temples. After many years of difficult ascetic practices, the two priests were aged, but still pursued the Way.

Kōshō once said to Hōren, “Why don’t you abandon the Hokekyō and join me in reciting the Saishōōgyō, which is primary among all sūtras of most profound meaning. This is why the sūtra was named the Saishōōgyō, the Most Victorious King Sūtra. The emperor and the court nobles display their faith in it by holding the great annual service, the Gosaie Meeting, at the imperial palace. In the local provinces, the repentance ceremonies called the Kisshō Vow are observed with lectures on the Saishōōgyō. Besides, the Saishōe Meeting is held at the Yakushiji Temple with lectures on the sūtra. So, you see, this sūtra is respected by everyone. The profundity of this sūtra permits no doubt. You should definitely rely on this sūtra!”

Hōren replied, “I wonder which is more noble. Especially when both contain the Buddha’s words. Adhering to my karmic relationship, I have been devoted to the Hokekyō. Why should I suddenly abandon the Hokekyō for another sūtra?” Kōshō repeated his recommendation of the Saishōōgyō in vain and finally remained silent.

However, from time to time, Kōshō, relying on the power of his sūtra, continued to press Hōren, trying to convert him. Kōshō finally proposed, “We should have a test to determine which sūtra is more effective. If your sūtra, the Hokekyō is superior, I will abandon my sūtra and rely on yours. But if the power of my sūtra, the Saishōōgyō, surpasses that of the Hokekyō, you will abandon your sūtra and join me in supporting mine.” Horen ignored Kōshō’s proposition.

Later Kōshō again suggested to Hōren, “Let’s each cultivate one square chō of rice and determine which sūtra is superior by comparing the quality of the yield from these rice fields!”

Now each of the two priests obtained his own rice field. Kōshō immediately did his ploughing and irrigating, and prayed to the Saishōōgyō, “By the power of the sūtra, may I have a good crop of rice without planting seeds and seedlings.” As soon as Kōshō’s prayer ended, seedlings suddenly began to grow all over his rice field. As days and months passed, the seedlings grew into plants with abundant grain. On the contrary, Hōren’s rice field was neither cultivated nor irrigated, and contained weeds, and idle horses and cows. Naturally the people respected the Saishōōgyō priest, but dispised the Hokegyō priest.

In the beginning of the seventh month, a gourd seedling suddenly grew in the central part of Hōren’s field until its branches spread in all directions and covered the entire field. The trunk was lofty and strong. In a few days, the tree bloomed and bore numerous gourds, each as large as a pot. Hōren took a gourd in his hand and opened it. Beautiful white grains of rice filled the gourd. Each gourd contained nearly five tō of rice. Hōren offered the first rice to the Hokekyō and Buddhas and then shared it with the other priests. He also sent a few gourds with rice to priest Kōshō, who was appalled to see the rice in the gourds. He thought it most extraordinary, no longer dispised Hōren, and finally decided to follow him.

Kōshō immediately went to Hōren and repented for his errors by putting his forehead to the ground. Since then, Kōshō became faithful to the Hokekyō, copied and dedicated services to it, deliberated on it, and recited it.

Priest Hōren distributed the rice in the gourds widely throughout the province. All the people including the priests, the laymen, and humble ones as well as those in the streets, took the rice as they wished. Yet the rice in the gourds in Hōren’s field was never exhausted. Even when the cold twelfth month arrived, the gourds did not wither, but grew again as they were gathered. Those who took gourds from the branches not only escaped poverty and suffering but also gained piety.

Thus Hōren benefitted all the people by practicing the Buddhist Way with the inexhaustible rice from his field. Hōren always remained modest, and never developed a contemptuous attitude. He engaged in difficult ascetic practices, and finally died of old age. (Page 74-76)

Miraculous Tales of the Lotus Sutra from Ancient Japan