The Six Leading Disciples and Their Lineages

BEN AJARI NISSHŌ (1221-1323), the eldest of the six, was sixty-two at the time of Nichiren’s death. He was based at the Hokkeji, a temple he had established at Hamado in Kamakura, and, together with Daikoku Ajari Nichiro, headed the community of Nichiren’s followers in Kamakura. His lineage became known as the Nisshō or Hama monryū.

DAIKOKU AJARI NICHIRŌ (1245-1320) was based at the Myōhonji, which he had founded, in Hikigayatsu in Kamakura, and also headed the Honmonji in Ikegami. He is additionally regarded as the founder of the Hondoji at Hiraga in Shimösa. His followers were known as the Hikigayatsu or Nichirō monryū. Among his many talented disciples, Higo Ajari Nichizō (1269-1342) was the first monk of the Hokkeshū to preach Nichiren’s doctrine in Kyoto.

MINBU AJARI NIKŌ (1253-1314) was based in Mobara in Kazusa and later became the second chief abbot of Minobu (Nichiren is regarded as the first).

BYAKUREN AJARI NIKKO (1246-1333) was active in Suruga, Kai, and Izu. A disagreement between him and the aforementioned Nikō led in 1289 to the first schism among Nichiren’s followers. Nikkō established himself at Omosu near Fuji, and his line is called the Fuji monryū or Nikko monryū.

IYO AJARI NITCHŌ (1252-1317) was based at Mama and Wakamiya in Shimōsa, where he assisted the efforts of Nichijō (Toki Jōnin), originally a prominent lay supporter of Nichiren who had taken clerical vows after his death. Nitchō was Toki Jōnin’s adopted son. However, for reasons that are not clear, there was a break between the two, and Nitchō left the area around 1292, retiring to Omosu, where he joined Nikko. Nichijō’s line came to be known as the Nakayama lineage, after Nakayama in Shimōsa, where its main temple was located.

RENGE AJARI NICHIJI (1250-?) was based at Matsuno in Suruga. However, in 1295, he embarked on a journey, determined to spread Nichiren’s teaching beyond the confines of Japan, and is said to have traveled north to Hokkaido, crossing over into northern China and Manchuria. It has been argued that he did in fact reach Mongolia, but the evidence is inconclusive. (Page 302)

Original Enlightenment and the Transformation of Medieval Japanese Buddhism


The Powerful Function of the Lotus Sūtra

Chih-i relates function with power. Compared with the function of other sūtras, the Lotus Sūtra is regarded by Chih-i to possess the powerful function, which can fulfill the task of leading beings to attain Buddhahood. The function is only considered to be powerful if the sūtra conveys the state of Buddhahood. To be specific, Chih-i argues that all other sūtras do not present the Buddha’s knowledge and wisdom, they do not convey that the Buddha responds to his own Traces, they do not directly demolish and abandon the Two Vehicles (Śrāvaka and pratyekabuddha), and do not clear away disciples’ doubts about the recent material body of the bodhisattva as Śākyamuni Buddha. The Lotus Sūtra, on the contrary, does not concern the knowledge of the Two Vehicles and the knowledge of the bodhisattva, but only reveals the subtle knowledge of the Buddha. It does not reveal the knowledge and the perception of living beings in the nine Dharma-realms, but only the subtle knowledge and insight of the Buddha. Chih-i goes on to say that the Lotus Sūtra directly demolishes and abandons the effect of the Two Vehicles by employing a parable of the conjured city (Hua-ch’eng). Like the conjured city that should be abandoned, the practice of the Two Vehicles as the cause should be abandoned too. In the Lotus Sūtra, all types of the expedient teaching are considered to be the Relative Truth in the Traces, and the place of the Origin is revealed as containing real merits and virtues, and represents the Ultimate Truth. (Vol. 2, Page 443-444)

The Profound Meaning of the Lotus Sutra: Tien-tai Philosophy of Buddhism


Day 4

Day 4 concludes Chapter 2, Expedients, and completes the first volume of the Sūtra of the Lotus flower of the Wonderful Dharma.

Having last month considered the thinking behind Śākyamuni’s decision to turn the Wheel of the Dharma, we consider why Śākyamuni laid aside all expedient teachings.

I said to them:
“For the past innumerable kalpas
I have been extolling the teaching of Nirvana
In order to eliminate the sufferings of birth and death.”

Śāriputra, know this!
Then I saw many sons of mine,
Thousands of billions in number,
Seeking the enlightenment of the Buddha.
They came to me respectfully.
They had already heard
Expedient teachings
From the past Buddhas.

I thought:
“I appeared in this world
In order to expound my wisdom.
Now is the time to do this.”

Śāriputra, know this!
Men of dull capacity and of little wisdom cannot believe the Dharma.
Those who are attached to the appearances of things are arrogant.
They cannot believe it, either.

I am now joyful and fearless.
I have laid aside all expedient teachings.
I will expound only unsurpassed enlightenment
To Bodhisattvas.

Nichiren addresses this point on setting aside all expedient teachings in his letter, Genealogical Chart of the Buddha’s Lifetime Teachings in Five Periods:

The Lotus Sūtra, chapter 2, “Expedients,” states: “In preaching the dharma the World Honored One expounds the expedient teachings first and reveals the true teaching last;” “honestly casting away (‘cast away’ means ‘abandon’) the expedient teachings (the pre-Lotus sūtras, i.e. first three of the four doctrinal teachings or the four doctrinal teachings except the pure perfect teaching, first four of the five tastes: all sūtras except the Lotus Sūtra, or the tripiṭaka, common and distinct teachings taken into the perfect teaching), the Buddha solely preaches the One Vehicle true teaching of the Lotus Sūtra.” Moreover, “The Buddha preaches various teachings (the four periods and seven teachings refer to the pre-Lotus sūtras, and five periods and eight teachings refer to the entire teaching of the Buddha) for the purpose of leading the people into the One Buddha Vehicle.”

Ichidai Goji Keizu, Genealogical Chart of the Buddha’s Lifetime Teachings in Five Periods, Writings of Nichiren Shōnin, Doctrine 3, Page 242-243

Right Mindfulness

Primitive Buddhist texts define four aspects of right mindfulness: that the body is impure, that perception is the source of suffering, that the mind is impermanent, and that all things are without self. For a Buddhist, remembering these things provides a powerful, unfailing source of religious energy for the practical application of faith. In everyday life, right mindfulness means being aware of what is happening at all times and avoiding carelessness or thoughtlessness.
Basic Buddhist Concepts

The Sūtra Believed By Honest People

Essentially men and women have different characters just as fire is warm while water is cold. A woman diver is good at fishing and a male hunter is good at trapping deer. It is said in some sūtras that women are promiscuous, but I have never seen them say a woman was adept in the Buddha Dharma. All scriptures preached before the Lotus Sūtra contrast a woman’s mind with the wind because even if we can secure the wind, we cannot grasp a woman’s mind. The scriptures also compare a woman’s mind to letters written on water because the letters will quickly vanish. Women are also compared to people of unsound mind because sometimes they are honest but other times they are not. Finally, women are also compared to a river because all rivers bend. (Thus pre-Lotus scriptures demean women).

But in the Lotus Sūtra, the Buddha states that He honestly discards expedient means, and the Buddha of Many Treasures affirms that Śākyamuni preaches only the truth. The sixteenth chapter of the sūtra, “Life Span of the Buddha,” preaches “straight and gentle minds” and a “gentle and straight person.” This is the sūtra believed by honest people, whose minds are as straight as a bowstring or a carpenter’s inked string. If you call dung sandalwood, it won’t smell like sandalwood. If you call a lie a truth, it won’t become true. It is said that all Buddhist scriptures are true because the Buddha expounded them. However, compared to the Lotus Sūtra, they are false, lies, distorted or double-tongued. The Lotus Sūtra is the supreme truth.

Nichimyō Shōnin Gosho, A Letter to Nichimyō Shōnin, Writings of Nichiren Shōnin, Followers II, Volume 7, Page 140

Daily Dharma – March 20, 2019

Faith is nothing special. A wife loves her husband, the husband devotes his life to her, parents do not give away their children, and children do not desert their mother. Likewise, believe in the Lotus Sutra, the Buddha Śākyamuni, the Buddha Tahō, all Buddhas, Bodhisattvas and deities. Then chant “Namu Myoho Renge Kyo.” This is faith.

Nichiren wrote this in his Letter to the Nun Myoichi (Myoichi Ama Gozen Gohenji). For many people, Buddhism can be a complicated practice requiring years of study, mastering difficult concepts, even learning new languages. In this letter, Nichiren emphasizes the simple, everyday aspects of our faith and practice. He describes how we can start from the simple love and concern we have for each other, chant “Namu Myoho Renge Kyo” to grow the seeds of faith in our Buddha nature and awaken compassion and wisdom in all beings, and find the joy of the Buddha Dharma in our everyday experience.

The Daily Dharma is produced by the Lexington Nichiren Buddhist Community. To subscribe to the daily emails, visit zenzaizenzai.com

From the Periphery to Center Stage

In Nichiren’s case, the single-practice orientation was connected at least in part with the social composition of his following. He himself was a person of common origins, from a remote part of eastern Japan, without powerful backers, and whose followers were chiefly middle- and lower-ranking samurai – persons on the periphery, if not altogether outside, the “influential parties system” or kenmon taisei. At the same time, Nichiren’s criticisms of leading religious figures and institutions, and of the rulers and officials who were their patrons, resulted in sanctions and suppressions that further marginalized him and his followers and prompted increasing self-definition in opposition to existing religious and political authority. In this process, Nichiren’s assimilation of the new paradigm of enlightenment to an exclusive practice became, in effect, a challenge to the establishment. In his reading of the paradigm, direct access to enlightenment was possible only by the teaching of which he and his disciples were the bearers – a Dharma received directly from Śākyamuni Buddha for the Final Dharma age and alone capable of saving the country from disaster. Thus, in his reading, the locus of authority and legitimacy was made to shift, and it was not the court, nor the bakufu, nor the clerics of the leading shrines and temples, but Nichiren and his disciples who held the center stage of their historical moment. (Page 298-299)

Original Enlightenment and the Transformation of Medieval Japanese Buddhism


Day 3

Day 3 covers the first half of Chapter 2, Expedients.

Having last month witnessed the World-Honored One emerging quietly from his samādhi, we learn of the insight of the Tathāgatas.

“Śāriputra! The insight of the Tathāgatas is wide and deep. [The Tathāgatas] have all the [states of mind towards] innumerable [living beings,] unhindered [eloquence,] powers, fearlessness, dhyāna-concentrations, emancipations, and samādhis. They entered deep into boundlessness, and attained the Dharma which you have never heard before.

“Śāriputra! The Tathāgatas divide [the Dharma] into various teachings, and expound those teachings to all living beings so skillfully and with such gentle voices that living beings are delighted. Śāriputra! In short, the Buddhas attained the innumerable teachings which you have never heard before. No more, Śāriputra, will I say because the Dharma attained by the Buddhas is the highest Truth, rare [to hear] and difficult to understand. Only the Buddhas attained [the highest Truth, that is,] the reality of all things’ in regard to their appearances as such, their natures as such, their entities as such, their powers as such, their activities as such, their primary causes as such, their environmental causes as such, their effects as such, their rewards and retributions as such, and their equality as such [despite these differences].

The Daily Dharma from May 25, 2018, offers this:

Śāriputra! The Tathāgatas divide [the Dharma] into various teachings, and expound those teachings to all living beings so skillfully and with such gentle voices that living beings are delighted.

The Buddha gives this explanation to his disciple Śāriputra in Chapter Two of the Lotus Sūtra. The work towards enlightenment is a shared enterprise. The Buddha cannot make us enlightened, and we cannot become enlightened by ourselves. The Buddha does not bribe, coerce, threaten or manipulate us into reaching the wisdom he knows we can find. Instead he sees deeply into our minds and uses the delusions we already have to lead us away from the suffering we create for ourselves. In our work as Bodhisattvas, we do well to keep the Buddha’s example in mind.

The Daily Dharma is produced by the Lexington Nichiren Buddhist Community. To subscribe to the daily emails, visit zenzaizenzai.com

Note: Apparently I didn’t post this on March 19 and only noticed the error a month later.

The World of Salvation

What is the Great Mandala enshrined in the center of the altar? It is an image of the world of salvation expounded in the Lotus Sutra. It is a representation of the whole universe embraced by the Buddha’s compassion and illuminated with light of the Buddha’s wisdom. It is the Dharma World viewed from the Buddha’s enlightenment. The Great Mandala also represents three thousand worlds being held in the great life of the Buddha. It is the Buddha himself who has achieved an eternal life transcending the limit of time and space. Therefore, even though the Great Mandala is inscribed on a small sheet of paper, it should be recognized to be as vast as the universe.

Buddha Seed: Understanding the Odaimoku

32 Marks Of A Buddha

The Buddha is equipped with 32 marks of physical excellence, each of which is adorned with many blessings. A bump on top of the head and a white curl on the forehead that glows are like the fruit of a flower, namely, the merit of practicing the bodhisattva way as a bodhisattva resulted in the 32 marks of physical excellence of the Buddha. One of the 32 marks is that the top of His head is invisible. Śākyamuni Buddha is 16 feet tall, but non-Buddhists with bamboo sticks could not measure His height, nor could they see the top of His head. Neither Bodhisattva Ying-ch’ih (Ōji Bosatsu) nor the King of the Mahābrahman Heaven could see His top. Why couldn’t they? It is because the Buddha won this “invisibility of His top” mark as the reward for respecting His parents, teachers, and lord by bowing with His head touching the ground.

Shijō Kingo-dono Gohenji, Response to Lord Shijō Kingo, Writings of Nichiren Shōnin, Followers I, Volume 6, Page 118-119