Day 16

Day 16 concludes Chapter 11, Beholding the Stūpa of Treasures, and completes the Fourth Volume of the Sūtra of the Lotus Flower of the Wonderful Dharma.

Having last month heard the Buddhas of the worlds of the ten quarters announcing their plans to go to Śākyamuni Buddha of the Sahā-World, we see Śākyamuni Buddha purify two hundred billion nayuta more worlds to seat these Buddhas.

Śākyamuni Buddha again purified two hundred billion nayuta more worlds of each of the eight quarters [neighboring the expanded world] to seat all the Buddhas of his replicas. The hells, the regions of hungry spirits, the regions of animals, and the regions of asuras [of those worlds] were eliminated; and the gods and men [of those worlds] were removed to other worlds. The ground of those purified worlds became lapis lazuli. The worlds were adorned with jeweled trees five hundred yojanas tall. The trees were adorned with branches, leaves, flowers and fruits. Under the trees were lion-like seats of treasures five yojanas tall, adorned with great treasures. The great oceans, rivers, the Mucilinda Mountains, the Maha-Mucilinda Mountains, the Surrounding lron Mountains, the Great Surrounding Iron Mountains, the Sumeru Mountains, and all the other great mountains [of those worlds] were eliminated, and all those worlds were amalgamated into one Buddha-world [that is, into the world of Śākyamuni Buddha]. The jeweled ground of this [expanded] world was even. Jeweled curtains and canopies adorned with streamers were hung over this [expanded] world; the incense of great treasures, burned; and jeweled flowers of heaven, strewn over the ground.

The Introduction of the Lotus Sutra offers this on the Buddhist Ideal of a Pure World:

[In Chapter 11, Beholding the Stupa of Treasures,] the vast worlds surrounding our World of Endurance are purified three times. By placing the World of Endurance (Saha-world) in the center of those purified worlds, the Sutra shows us that the Buddhist ideal of a pure world must be realized here in our real world, and not somewhere else beyond reality.

Introduction to the Lotus Sutra

The Six Perfections

The Six Perfections are giving, observing the precepts, patience, striving, meditation, and wisdom. Their purpose is to help all living beings reach the “other shore” of enlightenment, and this is what the Sanskrit term paramita, or perfection, means. Four of the Six Perfections correspond to steps in the Eightfold Path. Observing the precepts corresponds to right speech, right action, and right livelihood. Striving is the same as right effort. Meditation corresponds to right mindfulness and right meditation, and wisdom includes right views and right thought. Giving and patience, though important items in the Six Perfections, are not mentioned explicitly in the Eightfold Path. The position of giving at the head of the list indicates the altruistic emphasis of the Six Perfections.
Basic Buddhist Concepts

Daily Dharma – Sept. 21, 2018

The Buddhas, the Leaders, expound the teaching of Nirvāṇa
In order to give a rest [to all living beings].
When they see them having already had a rest,
They lead them to the wisdom of the Buddha.

The Buddha sings these verses in Chapter Seven of the Lotus Sūtra. These are part of his explanation of the parable of the Magic City. In this story, a group of people hire a guide to lead them through a dangerous wilderness to reach a city of treasures. Halfway through the journey, the people lose confidence and ask the guide to take them back to where they started. The guide conjures up a magic city and gives the people a chance to rest. The people believed this illusion was their destination. The guide then made the city disappear and implored his charges to continue their journey. The Buddha compares his teachings of the end of suffering to the fabricated city, and the true city of treasures to his enlightenment. As the travelers had to leave their delusions about suffering and continue on the way of the Bodhisattva towards enlightenment, so must we set aside the Buddha’s expedient teachings and uphold the Wonderful Dharma of the Lotus Sūtra.

The Daily Dharma is produced by the Lexington Nichiren Buddhist Community. To subscribe to the daily emails, visit zenzaizenzai.com

Day 15

Day 15 concludes Chapter 10, The Teacher of the Dharma, and opens Chapter 11, Beholding the Stūpa of Treasures.

Having last month witnessed the arrival of the Stupa of Treasures, we witness the reaction of the four kinds of devotees.

Thereupon the four kinds of devotees [in the congregation], having seen the great stupa of treasures hanging in the sky, and having heard the voice from within the stupa, had delight in the Dharma, but wondered why these unprecedented things had happened. They rose from their seats, joined their hands together [towards the stupa] respectfully, retired, and stood to one side.

Thereupon a Bodhisattva-mahāsattvas called Great-Eloquence, having noticed that the gods, men and asuras of the world had doubts, said to the Buddha, “World-Honored One! Why did this stupa of treasures spring up from underground? Why was that voice heard from within [the stupa]?”

The Lecture on the Lotus Sutra offers this on the arrival of the Stupa of Treasures:

One question I get frequently in regard to the Stupa of Treasures and the great bodhisattvas rising out of the ground is, did this really occur or is this some imaginary story? For me as I understand the Lotus Sutra, this is an imaginary or made-up story that we are encouraged to make real. By our own faith and practice we can make this grand drama a reality in our own lives. It isn’t something that someone else can do for any of us. Did this really happen? Not if by that you mean did it happen like we sent a man to the moon, or the Trade Center Towers in New York were demolished by planes flying into them. And yet, for the individual or group of individuals who created these chapters of the Lotus Sutra, I do not think their intent was to communicate actual factual events that could be witnessed with our simple physical eyes and ears and so forth.

I believe the events recounted in this grand drama were real in describing the wonder, the awe, the experiences of enlightenment through realizing the truth contained in the Lotus Sutra – the truth that we are all Buddhas, that we contain infinity, time without measure, that our lives are small examples of the immense cosmos, and that life is beyond measure.

Lecture on the Lotus Sutra

Essential Revelation

Diagram 1B
The essential section (Honmon), chapters 15-28 of the Lotus Sutra, is shown as Diagram I-B. These teachings reveal the eternal nature of the Buddha and his existence in the remotest past, present and the eternal future. In Chapter 16, the Buddha stated:

“To tell the truth, good men, it is many hundreds of thousands of billions of nayutas of kalpas since I became a Buddha.” (Murano, p. 241)

Further, he stated:

“As I said before, it is very long since I became the Buddha. The duration of my life is innumerable, asamkhya kalpas. I am always here. I shall never pass away.”
(Murano, p. 243)

This seems incomprehensible. Yet, the existence of the Eternal Buddha is a timeless, eternal existence not subject to karma, death and decay, suffering or retribution. Further, the Buddha with full knowledge of the time, capacity and nature of people, had vowed:

“I am always thinking: How shall I cause all living beings
To enter into the unsurpassed Way And quickly become Buddhas?” (Murano, p. 249)

Buddha Seed: Understanding the Odaimoku

Daily Dharma – Sept. 20, 2018

I know who is practicing the Way and who is not.
Therefore I expound various teachings
To all living beings
According to their capacities.

The Buddha sings these verses in Chapter Sixteen of the Lotus Sūtra. Even though the Buddha knows when we have strayed from the way of compassion and wisdom that he has opened for us, he knows that the innate capacity we have for enlightenment remains unchanged. Therefore, he does not judge us, or give up in his efforts to lead us away from our delusions. When we maintain our determination to save all beings despite their delusions, we maintain this mind of the Buddha and nourish the seeds of our own enlightenment.

The Daily Dharma is produced by the Lexington Nichiren Buddhist Community. To subscribe to the daily emails, visit zenzaizenzai.com

Perception of Emptiness, Provisional and Middle Way

The first level of perception represents the knowledge of śrāvakas, which is to realize that all existing things in the mundane world are empty in the sense that they can be disintegrated into small particles and are impermanent. This view of emptiness destroys all dharmas, transcending the views of an ignorant man who takes the provisional (i.e., illusory existence) as real, and enabling śrāvakas to go beyond transmigration. The problem for śrāvakas is that they are so attached to the truth of Emptiness that this view blocks them to make further progress.

In contradistinction to them, the bodhisattva realizes that he should not only strive for his own salvation, but more importantly, he must strive to save others. Therefore, he enters the view of the Provisional Existence to establish (i.e., acknowledge) all dharmas in order to move away from the attachment to the view of Emptiness. This view of the Provisional is not the same as that held by an ignorant man. Being aware that everything is only illusory existence, the bodhisattva emphasizes that this illusory existence does bear names and exists temporarily, though it has no substantial nature. For the sake of saving living beings, the bodhisattva enters the view of the Provisional to deliberately participate in mundane affairs. Unlike an ignorant man who neither understands the provisional existence nor the emptiness of existence, which results in the suffering of life and death, the bodhisattva perceives both aspects, and is free from being ignorant about the cause of suffering. The bodhisattva recognizes the emptiness of the phenomenal existence, but in the meantime, he is still actively involved in worldly affairs. That is to say, while the first view of the provisional of an ignorant man indicates the source of suffering, the second view of the provisional becomes the motivation for the bodhisattva to enter the world for benefiting others.

The final view of the Middle Way is the state of Buddhahood. Knowing that Emptiness is identical to the Provisional, and vice versa, one attains the view of the Middle Way. This Middle Way indicates the double negation of both aspects, i.e., neither emptiness nor the provisional, while confirming both aspects by identifying them with each other. Hence, the identification of the trinity is formulated as the highest principle in the achievement of religious practice in Chih-i’s system of thought. In addition, according to the study of Ng Yu-Kwan, the Middle Way is also identified with the Buddha Nature that renders the concept Middle Way-Buddha Nature. Thus, the Middle Way is not only the device to synthesize Emptiness and the Provisional, but is also endowed with the characteristics of being permanent, functional, and all embracing. (Page 140)

The Profound Meaning of the Lotus Sutra: Tien-tai Philosophy of Buddhism


Offerings as Recompense vs. Unconditional Offerings

Bharadvaja apparently offered Shakyamuni the gruel in the mistaken assumption that he was reciting stanzas for a living. But Shakyamuni refused, saying, “I do not eat things offered as recompense for the recitation of stanzas. Such is not the Law of people who understand the true nature of things correctly. I reject food that is offered on condition of exchange. Food acquired as an offering through mendicant practices is the true food of Buddhas of the Law. True Buddhas who have acquired all virtues and who have destroyed all illusions and have entered the realm of tranquility should be offered food other than what is given for recitations. The Buddha gives the supreme field of good fortune to those who make offerings unconditionally.” (Page 151)

The Beginnings of Buddhism

Day 14

Day 14 covers all of Chapter 9, The Assurance of Future Buddhahood of the Śrāvakas Who Have Something More to Learn and the Śrāvakas Who Have Nothing More to Learn, and opens Chapter 10, The Teacher of the Dharma.

Having last month heard Śākyamuni’s prediction for Rāhula in gāthās, we hear Śākyamuni’s prediction for two thousand Śrāvakas.

Thereupon the World-Honored One saw the two thousand Śrāvakas, of whom some had something more to learn while others had nothing more to learn. They were gentle, quiet and pure. They looked up at the Buddha with all their hearts.

The Buddha said to Ānanda, “Do you see these two thousand Śrāvakas, of whom some have something more to learn while others have nothing more to learn?”

“Yes, I do.”

“Ānanda! These people will make offerings to as many Buddhas, as many Tathāgatas, as the particles of dust of fifty worlds. They will respect those Buddhas, honor them, and protect the store of their teachings. They will finally go to the worlds of the ten quarters and become Buddhas at the same time. They will be equally called Treasure-Form, the Tathāgata, the Deserver of Offerings, the Perfectly Enlightened One, the Man of Wisdom and Practice, the Well-Gone, the Knower of the World, the Unsurpassed Man, the Controller of Men, the Teacher of Gods and Men, the Buddha, the World-Honored One. They will live for a kalpa. They will be the same in regard to the adornments of their worlds, the number of the Śrāvakas and Bodhisattvas of their worlds, the duration of the preservation of their right teachings, and the duration of the preservation of the counterfeit of their right teachings.”

On my lengthy list of things I’d like to do, one is to compile all of the predictions for future buddhahood, including the lifespan of the Buddha and the other features of their worlds. A lifespan of a single kalpa is the shortest among those predictions. Is there meaning to that?

Meditating Upon the Truth in One’s Mind

[T]he Daimoku contains the very essence of the [Lotus Sutra]. If anyone sincerely meditates upon the Truth in his mind, and repeats the Daimoku in his heart, he will surely receive great blessings. Even as regards the common occurrences of our daily life, be they good or bad, pleasurable or painful, if they are only recognized as the mysterious manifestations of the Truth of the Good Law, and as representations of the transcendent power of the [Lotus Sutra], we shall be able to free ourselves from the slavery of earthly rapture as well as rest perfectly content even in the midst of trouble; pains and pleasures will be indifferent to us, we shall be confused by neither; we shall attain to complete self-mastery, controlling our hearts and minds and not being controlled by them; able to suppress the five appetites and the seven passions, and thus become possessed of a Buddha-body, replete with the four attributes of eternity or permanence, peace, enlightenment, and purity. Under these conditions we are enabled to rid our minds of all base and mean propensities; for example, instead of giving rein to anger and fury, we shall quiet ourselves, and think calmly about the matter, and by this means be able to attain our object.

Doctrines of Nichiren (1893)